My Personal View On Culture - 1038 Words

Over the past few thousand years there have been many different perceptions of what the term Culture means. There are thousands of different cultures in the world, that’s what makes things fun and interesting. I’m aware some individuals would argue that books are the most accurate source I can find. However, in this situation you and I are the living definitions of culture, what it means to us, and the role it plays in our lives on a daily basis. Just knowing that makes you and I the most credible source obtaining knowledge on the definition culture. Culture is not only about showing diversity, disagreements, and agreements; culture to me is our way of life. Today I will be talking about my understanding of culture, my experiences pertaining to culture, and my partner’s cultural views and experiences. My personal view on culture may vary from others. The definition of culture in a text book as â€Å"a learned system thought and behavior that belongs to and typif ies a relatively large group of people: it is the composite of their shared beliefs, values, and practices.† (O’Hair, Wiemann, Mullin, Teven, 2015) However, when I sit down and think of all the repetitive definitions of culture, I think of all the characteristics that make me who I am. My own personal definition is all the building blocks in life that make up my personality, likes and dislikes, and my attitude. When I say the word building blocks I mean co-cultures such as religion, race, gender, and there are manyShow MoreRelatedAn Indian Father s Plea Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesHelena Wood 10/2016 Period:4 ELM 2 Do you think that your culture impacts your decisions more than your personal opinion does? Or maybe that your culture has nothing to do with your viewpoint? There is a lot of controversy on this topic. A person s culture majorly affects how one views the world, however personal opinion, experiences also play a role. Personal experiences help to shape people into who they are today. Personal experiences shape how you respond to situations. In â€Å"An Indian Father’sRead MoreBusi 5601416 Words   |  6 Pagesshould personal religious beliefs impact our decisions about business ethics? My personal view on how much impact should my believes influence my business, or whatever decision I make is that it should be fully Involved. My decisions that I make should constantly reflect in what I claim to believe in.   To what extent do your personal religious (or non-religious) beliefs about life impact your sense of business ethics and personal decision-making? Again my personal view about my beliefsRead MoreBeh 220 Applied Final Project1643 Words   |  7 Pagesscience option for my Business Major. Based on the courses offered I believed that Diversity Consciousness would benefit not only my personal life but it would also benefit me in my career field as well. In my current field I am a leader in a large diverse organization and my expectations for the course was it would provide me with additional skills to become a more effective leader. Diversity Consciousness has expanded my scope and redefined for me what diversity means on a personal, social and globalRead MoreDefining Normative And Subjective Culture1743 Words   |  7 Pages We are all defined, and heavily influenced by, the culture in which we have grown and adopted. Culture is defined as â€Å"the customs, arts, social institution s, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group†, according to The Oxford Dictionary, and can be separated into two specific classifications known as normative and subjective culture. Normative culture is â€Å"the connecting beliefs, values, tradition, economy, political and social institutions, artistic expressions and collectiveRead MoreCulture And The Culture Learning Process1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe world culture has many different meanings depending on the person you ask. Each person has their own view on what they think culture is. To me, culture could be defined as different puzzle pieces that come together to create a person socially, physically and mentally. According to Chapter Three, Culture and the Culture-Learning Process, authors Cushner, McClelland, and Safford (2009) talks about culture and defines it as â€Å"Culture determines, to a large extent, people s thoughts, ideas, patternsRead MoreIdentity And Personal Identity1430 Wo rds   |  6 Pageswe have the third influence on a person’s identity, personal choice. Without one or the other the notion of personal choice would not be corrupted. How a person thinks and looks affects their life, which in turn, affects their personal choices. What a person is born with, can affect how they as a human are viewed. A person’s culture can influence what choices they make and whether the choice they make is good or bad. This is not to say personal choices don’t make up our identity, more that theyRead MoreWhat Did You Learn From The Course Content?927 Words   |  4 Pagescertain behaviors or norms. This is the first sociology course I have ever taken, but I have taken a few psychology courses, and have found that while in this class my mind automatically jumped to personal explanations instead of societal ones. For example, when discussing deviance and the question of why someone would be deviant, my first thoughts were things like perhaps a personality disorder, or parental figures who were also deviant; it was harder to look at a broa der picture and think aboutRead MoreDifferences Between The And Religious Groups1195 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolvements to their neighborhood associates. We live in a diverse nation, with each individual governed by their personal values and beliefs, while endeavoring to spread synchrony and unity. When it comes to understanding families, society should both emphasize the similarities that exist across ethnoracial and religious groups, and emphasize the differences that give these groups their unique culture and identity. We should value differences, as â€Å"the different abilities, interests, attitudes, and valuesRead MoreThe Medias Impossible Value Of Body Image1332 Words   |  6 Pageswith unrealistically perfect bodies. After being so exposed to the media’s opinion of a good physique, I made it my goal to aspire to look like the women the media portrays in a positive light. However, I now know I became a victim of our culture’s impossible value of body image. I n this paper, I will be analyzing the value of body image to gain an understanding of how our own personal experiences relate to the larger society. Sociological Imagination First and foremost, sociological imaginationRead More Ones world view of Education and Learning Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesUsing the concept of a ‘world view’, identify some of the beliefs and attitudes, particularly to education and learning, that you bring to your learning now. Reflect critically on how your world view has been shaped by factors such as your gender, age or community. Individuals see the world in unique and varied ways. Factors such as educational experiences, ways of knowing, personal responsibility and family structure have influenced my beliefs and attitudes. A world view results from the process through

The Rule Of An Unfit Ruler - 1702 Words

The Rule of an Unfit Ruler Aristotle one said, â€Å"He who is to be a good ruler must have first been ruled.† The ideal ruler may vary according the individual preference of man and woman, but ultimately have similar characteristic inclinations for the desired leader. In William Shakespeare’s The Tempest, the desire for power and leadership was a reoccurring theme throughout the play and the source of conflict between the characters. Shakespeare designed his characters so that they had very different personalities, with different perspectives of the ideal ruler and perfect utopia. Generally, characteristics of the ideal ruler include attributions such as forgiveness, equality for everyone, and freedom for the people. Prospero, the main character of the play and self- proclaimed ruler of the island in which he had been banished upon, lacked in many of the important characteristics of the ideal ruler. His form of rule does not fit the criteria of a good leader according to the inhabitants of the island, due to his lack of; forgiveness, equality towards everyone and freedom for his subjects. Forgiveness is an essential characteristic to possess for the ideal ruler because it allows the leader to set a good example to his or her subjects and allows for them to pardon the many mistakes or inappropriate behaviour that may occur. Prospero was a very vengeful individual who lacked in forgiveness for others. After 12 years spent on the island, Prospero had not forgotten how hisShow MoreRelatedThe Guidance of a Government Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States and ruled under a monarch. Jefferson couldn’t tolerate the abuse from a monarch, so he rebelled against the British crown. In 1776, Thomas Jefferson wrote The Declaration of Independence, and declared the colonies were free from British rule. Before he became the author of The Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was established â€Å" as an ardent republican and revolutionary† (Jacobus 77). Jacobus states Jefferson is, â€Å"one of the most versatile Americans of any generation† (Jacobus 78)Read MoreThe Aeneid And The Pax Romana1580 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduced to a strong and proficient ruler. She is devoted to her late husband, Sychaeus. After his death is has vowed never to marry again which she up holds for a period of time. She too, like the protagonist, Aeneas as fled from their homeland, because of destruction. In the case of Dido her brother Pygmalion as killed her husband. Driven by this mayhem, she builds a new city with the treasure she took from her brother, Pygmalion. Dido becomes the ruler of Carthage and focuses all her effortsRead MoreEssay on Plato’s The Republic1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthis for themselves. He is ridiculed for leaving in the first place. The simile deals with all the aspects of Plato’s philosophical beliefs, one belief held by Plato is that the philosophers are the only members of society fit to rule, because they are the highest educated. They are able to use the Form of the Good for perception and are better qualified than the rest of the people in the state. In the Simile of the cave these philosophers represent the freed prisoner Read MoreThe Descent Of A Regime From A To An Oligarchy1309 Words   |  6 Pagesthey will not always choose the best candidates. Since the current guardians will not always select the children with gold souls, the aristocracy will eventually degenerate into a less just society. Some new rulers will attempt to preserve the old and just ways, while the less benevolent rulers will want private property among guardians, creating tension in the ruling class. Eventually, this tension will be alleviated by â€Å"coming to an agreement on a middle way: they distributed the land and housesRead MoreA Summary Of Plato And Aristotle818 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom ancient Greece. Although both Plato and Aristotle are great thinkers, their philosophical views of the role of women as potential rulers differ very much from one another. In fact, many of Aristotle’s writings about the role of women contradict the beliefs of his professor, Plato. This paper will provide an in-depth comparison of the potential for women to be rulers in Aristotle’s and Plato’s societies. Secondly, this paper will seek to determine whether or not Aristotle’s and Plato’s ancient viewsRead MoreThe Downfall Of The Romanov Dynasty1749 Words   |  7 PagesVarious aspects of Nicholas II’s political decisions reflected his clear unsuitability for the role of Tsar, and these decisions form a preliminary basis for both his own legacy of incompetency the eventual undoing of the Romanovs. In comparison to rulers preceding, Nicholas was ill-prepared for the role: his father, Alexander III, failed to adequately develop his son’s understanding of civil state responsibilities before his death in 1894, under the guise that he would live long enough to teachRead MorePlato s View On Philosophers1334 Words   |  6 Pagesfit to rule. All others who attempt to rule will create terrible consequen ces for a city. The people shun philosophers because they are lovers of knowledge and are perceived to be different from them. The majority of people in a city are not lovers of knowledge but rather lovers of beauty. Referencing â€Å"Plato’s Republic, each person has a different skill they are naturally good at. Knowing this, philosophers must be naturally good at thinking and arguing. However, a good and great ruler needs moreRead MoreA Common Goal Of Humanity1265 Words   |  6 Pagescaring; however, this is not always the case. To start, the divine can mean multiple things, such as any number of deities (depending on the religion), a ruler, or a king. As stated in Mengzi’s teachings, a ruler must first and foremost care for his or her people. If this is not the primary goal, and something such as greed is, the ruler is unfit to rule, and their kingdom may end up revolting and protesting against them. He believes that â€Å"there [should] simply be benevolence and righteousness† (MengziRead MorePlatos 4 Analogies Of The Republic Analysis1579 Words   |  7 Pagesin the ideal state. The four analogies include the ship, the sun, the divided line, and the cave. The analog ies of the ship, and the cave are used by Plato to represent the people of the state and proving his argument that philosophers are the true rulers of the state. The divided line and the sun analogies also supports Plato’s point about philosophers obtaining intellectual knowledge apposed to the ordinary citizens who only have sensible knowledge. Plato argues that the ordinary citizens can beRead MoreThe Downfall Of Julius Caesar962 Words   |  4 Pagesunder Caesar’s control daily Roman life improved, his assassination was for the best of the Roman people because he had stated himself as the dictator for life in Rome, ruining any chance of continuing democracy, he was self-centered, Rome got a new ruler and became successful Caesar, being ambitious, was able to further his career very quickly.â€Å"In the early 60 BC, he launched his own successful political and military career. Rising rapidly, he campaigned successfully for the consulship in 60 B

What is the Purpose of the Daily News Free Essays

What is the purpose of the daily news? Many will answer and say that the news is there to inform the public, but is that really their purpose. Most of the news that is shown on television is shown in less than two to three-minute segments; a person cannot become informed on certain topics in that little amount of time. The three-minute segments of news that are displayed on television only give the viewer a watered down version of information from a biased point of view. We will write a custom essay sample on What is the Purpose of the Daily News? or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a person watches the news one can see that many of images shown are negative towards a certain subject. The viewer may not see it but the shocking or exciting images being displayed constantly on the daily news must have some greater purpose than to inform the viewer. The greater purpose is to provoke public interest and excitement; this provocation of public interest and excitement through the use of exciting or shocking images, stories, and language is called news sensationalism. Many people think they are being informed by the news but what they do not realize is that it is not always enlightening, as it should be, but it is instead very captivating. Through the use of sensationalism the news that is displayed on television everyday impacts and influences a person by showing them negative images, using â€Å"buzz† words, providing one-sided information, and by restricting boundaries of information. What types of images are displayed daily on the news? Tune into the news and the first image that are shown are images on something negative like murder, war, violence, and death. News stations display these types of negative images in order to acquire your attention. Negative images on the news grab people’s attention because they rarely happen in a person’s life. People are attracted to negative images of violence and death because they find them fascinating. These negative images are fascinating because many people have not experienced them first hand; there exists less violence and death now than in any other time in human history. Humans are creatures who have evolved over time from a civilization of violence and death to one that has become more sophisticated and educated. Therefore, when images of violence and death are displayed on television they show people a part of the human past that was more violent. This shows that humans have some type wickedness inside them because if they did not humans would not sit in front of their television watching news on people’s death. Now when horrible events occur in this world people can see it on the news, therefore, one can say that human beings have become desensitized to negative images because they are being shown constantly in a continual loop. Consequently, the negative images of violence and death may be showed on the news in order to remind humans of their violent past and to show that these events do occur in real life. In addition, the negative images help people manage with their current situations by showing them that their lives are not so bad and could be much worse. The continual loop of negative images reflects that society likes the negative because it reminds humans of their fascination for violence and helps people cope with their current situations. The news media use â€Å"buzz† words constantly in their news and headlines to capture a viewer’s attention in order to instill fear and make profit. â€Å"Buzz† words, according to the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, are type of words or phrases that usually sound important or technical and are used primarily to impress people without knowledge in a particular subject (â€Å"buzzword†). First off when a news station tries to grab the viewers attention they usually use the headline â€Å"We just got breaking news,† this phrase immediately captures a person’s attention because one does not know what to expect. After that phrase is said some type of â€Å"buzz† word usually follows it immediately because people will not know about the subject since it is breaking news. For example, when 9/11 occurred it was breaking news and president Bush followed right after the attack with a small speech. In that speech president Bush used the â€Å"buzz† words terrorism, bombing, and extremism because they sounded technical to the situation. President Bush’s words captured the people’s attention and impressed them so much that they were instilled with fear and eventually lead to the war in Iraq. Moreover, by obtaining people’s attention through the use of â€Å"buzz† words news stations draw more views, which in turn allows them to get higher ratings and make profit. News stations make profit by selling airtime to commercials, so a news station with a lot of viewers will make a great quantity of money. Therefore, â€Å"buzz† words are used more now than ever before because using them allows news stations to instill fear and gather more viewers which amounts to more profit. When people watch the news they tend to trust the information they are getting because many people are lazy to go searching for information on their own, as a result the news seems real and authentic but in reality the news merely provides biased information. The news provides one-sided information because it is in the news stations best interest to do so; being biased allows news stations to attract specific types of viewers. By attracting a specific type of viewer it allows news stations to push a distinct viewpoint. For example, Fox news is a conservative media outlet that attracts conservatives, while MSNBC is liberal media outlet that attracts liberals. They each have their different point of view but they cater to people who have the same view as them. Therefore, when people watch the news on one of these networks they shall only be informed on one side of the argument. This also shows something about the viewers; it shows that the viewers only watch specific news networks in order to reinforce their side of the argument. Every human has their own one-sided view when it comes to specific subjects, so in order to prove that their view is right to individuals they have to reinforce their biased view in some way and that way is through the news (Eveland). For example, when a person thinks of a Muslim they usually think of a person who is a terrorist and from the Middle East. Their belief on what a Muslim person is was reinforced by the news coverage on 9/11. This gave many people biased views on what type of people are terrorists; the news coverage gave Americans the false perception that all Muslim people must be terrorists that hail from the Middle East. Therefore, most of the biased views that come from the news can be attributed to the viewer’s self-centered ideology that they have to be right because the news intention is only to give viewers what they want to hear. In essence, the daily news that is shown is always biased because different media outlets want to attract and give specific viewers what they want. News stations have created restricted boundaries so that people don’t searching for information outside of them. One must first ask what are those restricted boundaries? These restricted boundaries are the information that is not shown to the public. National governments hold many secrets and if they were to be exposed by the news to the citizens many of them would feel betrayed. If people could not trust their government they would most likely rebel so in order to keep their trust the government works behind the scenes controlling what is shown on the news. Many governments do this by regulating the media through the use of money by either fining the news companies or allowing them to be tax exempt. Therefore the news can be used to keep people under control and manipulate them. For example, the media coverage on the 9/11 terrorist attacks was used to manipulate American citizens to go to war with Iraq even though Iraq had nothing do with it. President Bush’s administration manipulated â€Å"evidence† on the news so that he could get Americans citizens to agree with him to invade Iraq (Hutchinson). Everyone in America at that time was so focused on revenge that no one dared question the information that was provided on the news. At that time it was a restricted boundary to question whether the war in Iraq was just; everyone just assumed it was justifiable after what had happened. It was not until many years later that Americans went outside the restricted boundary to uncover the truth about why they had invaded Iraq. The news was and continues to be manipulated so that people never search for information outside of restricted boundaries because what they might find may not be what they were shown. The news original intention was to inform the public and provide accurate information. It has changed drastically through the use of news sensationalism. Negative images are now shown so constantly in a continual loop that humans have become attracted to them, which in turn, has helped people cope with their current living situations. â€Å"Buzz† words have also gone on the rise because they have enticed more viewers, which have helped news stations instill fear into people and make more profit. Information on the news has now become biased in order to cater to certain types of people because viewers now only want to reinforce that they are right and justified in their opinions. Restricted boundaries have also been created by the news so that viewers do not go searching for information outside of them because many people may find out that they have been manipulated in some way by the news that was presented to them. To sum it up, the daily news that is presented now is not what it used to be; it is now a tool used by media outlets to distort the truth. How to cite What is the Purpose of the Daily News?, Papers

Actor-Network Theory in Information Systems Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of star, bus, and mesh physical topologies. Provide real examples of each type. 2.Explain Encapsulation and Decapsulation in a five layer TCP/IP Protocol Suite. 3.Calculate the approximate bit rate and signal level(s) for a 6.8 MHz bandwidth system with a signal to noise ratio of 132. 4.Explain why the OSI Model is better than the TCP/IP model. 5.What is the total delay (latency) for a frame of size 5 million bits that is being sent on a link with 10 routers each having a queuing time of 3.5 s and a processing time of 1.8 s. 6.According to RFC1939, a POP3 session is one of the following states: closed, authorization, transaction or update. Draw a diagram and explain to show these four states and how POP3 moves between them. Answers: 1.The advantages and disadvantages of star, bus and mesh topologies are discussed below: Advantages Disadvantages Star topologies As appeared differently in relation to the Bus topology it gives far superior execution. The signals not really get exchanged to each workstation. The execution of the framework depends on the capacity of the central hub. It is simple to join the new nodes or the devices (Zhang Papachristodoulou, 2013). It requires more cable than the other topologies. As the switch, concentrator or the hub gets fizzled, the appended nodes are crippled. Bus Topologies It works outstandingly as there is a small framework. It is the most straightforward framework topology for interfacing the computers or the peripherals directly. It requires less cable length than star topologies. It is difficult to perceive the issues if the whole framework breaks down. It is hard to research each and every issue. It works poor for colossal systems (Cerutti et al., 2015). Mesh Topologies Data could be exchanged from different gadgets concurrently. The topology tolerates high congestion of traffic. Indeed, even if one of the parts fails to execute, there are different alternatives also (Ren et al., 2013). So data transformation is not affected. There have been large extents of repetition in different network associations. General cost of this framework is unreasonably high when appeared differently in relation to different topologies. 2.Encapsulation: The data encapsulation, is the approach where the detailed implementation of the class is hidden from the client. The client can just play out a limited arrangement of operations on the shrouded class members. This is done through particular functions, known as the methods. Decapsulation: Decapsulation is the way toward opening up of the encapsulated information. These have been typically sent as packets on a network. It is characterized as the way toward opening the capsule alluding to the encapsulated data. Multiplexing is the arrangement of techniques permitting the synchronous communication of some signals transversely over any single data connection (Patel et al., 2014). In the demultiplexing the channels has been used for breaking up the signals into the vital portions of the signals. The "demultiplexing" and "multiplexing" methods have been regularly involved with the fragmentation of the data signals (Fontaine, 2013). In the same manner, the "encapsulation" and the "decapsulation" procedures have been essentially related with data security. 3.Given- bandwidth W = 6.8 MHz The Signal to noise ratio (SNR) or R= 132 Let the bit rate be B. B=W log (1+R) =6.8x106 log2 (1+132) = 6.8x106 log2 133 = 48 Mbps. Let, number of signals= N. B = 2 * W * log2 (N) = 48= 2*6.8*log2 N = log2 N= = log2 N= 3.56 4 (approximately) = N = 24= 16. Answer: The required bit rate = 48 Mbps Signal level = 16. 4.The amount of layers of OSI models display has been more than that of the TCP/IP models. Thusly, the OSI show conveys better value and significant number of decisions than the TCP/IP. TCP/IP framework has been picked as the more proper option. This is on account that the execution of TCP/IP more sensible for real world implementation (Bora et al., 2014). The usefulness of the system has been more effective than the other alternate models. The primary weakness is that the model is exceptionally hard to implement. The OSI model has been more effective than others. However, it is very hard to implement (Alani, 2014). The TCP/IP on the other hand is easy to implement. Despite this, it performs slowly and is does not deliver good security 5.Frame Size or F = 5 million of bits. [given] Transmission Time = 5 x 106 /8 mS = 62500 =0.625 seconds Propagation Speed= S = 2.2x 108 m/s Bandwidth = 8 x 106 bps Link length L = 1900 km = 1900 x 103 m. Queuing Time= (10 x 3.5) mS = 35 mS. Processing Delay = (1.8 x 10) mS = 18 mS. Propagation Time = (1900 * 103 / 2.2* 108) uS = 8 uS The overall Delay Time = (35 + 18 + .08 + 62500) = 62551.08mS = 0.63 sec Answer: The total delay time = 0.63 seconds. Here, the transmission delay has been dominant component. Here, the propagation time has been negligible component. 6. Figure: The 4 States of POP3 Session (Source: Alexander, 2014) There are four states in the POP 3 protocols: Authorization: This is established when the connection is done. Transaction: Here, the transactions have been performed over authorized connections. Update: Transactions are upgraded here. Closed: When all the transaction is upgraded, POP 3 is closed. References: Alani, M. M. (2014). Tcp/ip model. InGuide to OSI and TCP/IP models(pp. 19-50). Springer International Publishing. Alexander, P. M. (2014). Actor-network theory in information systems research. Baolin, L., Xianbo, H., Jin, W. (2013). The Research and implementation of Key Technologies of Deep Packet inspection based on POP3 Protocol in Router Firewall.Journal of Convergence Information Technology,8(9), 819. Bora, G., Bora, S., Singh, S., Arsalan, S. M. (2014). OSI reference model: An overview.International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT,7(4). Bueger, C. (2013). Actor?Network Theory, Methodology, and International Organization.International Political Sociology,7(3), 338-342. Cartes, A., Brown, A. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,122,809. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Cerutti, I., Behredin, A. M., Andriolli, N., Ladouceur, O. L., Castoldi, P. (2016, July). Ring versus bus topology: A network performance comparison of photonic integrated NoC. InTransparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2016 18th International Conference on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Dongmo, E., Woafo, P. (2015). Effects of asymmetry, transmission delay and noises on the stability of an elementary electricity network.European Physical Journal B--Condensed Matter,88(7). Fontaine, N. K. (2013, July). Optical MIMO Demultiplexing and Space-Division Multiplexing using a Photonic Integrated Circuit. InSignal Processing in Photonic Communications(pp. SPT4D-1). Optical Society of America. Gilbert, D. U., Behnam, M. (2013). Trust and the United Nations global compact: A network theory perspective.Business Society,52(1), 135-169. Holligan, C. (2015). Disenfranchised Violent Young Offenders in Scotland: Using Actor-Network Theory to Explore an Aetiology of Knife Crime.Sociology,49(1), 123-138. Kohno, T., Geambasu, R., Levy, H. M. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,520,855. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Melthis, J., Tang, S., Yang, P., Hanneghan, M., Carter, C. (2016). Topologies for combining the internet of things and serious games.Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems,31(5), 2685-2696. Motamedi, R., Rejaie, R., Willinger, W. (2015). A survey of techniques for Internet topology discovery.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,17(2), 1044-1065. Osman, Z. A. (2015).Real time monitoring for tank level based on isa 100.11 a using star topology(Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia). Patel, K. A., Dynes, J. F., Lucamarini, M., Choi, I., Sharpe, A. W., Yuan, Z. L., ... Shields, A. J. (2014). Quantum key distribution for 10 Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexing networks.Applied Physics Letters,104(5), 051123. Raizen, H. S. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,069,481. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ren, Y., Liu, L., Yin, S., Han, J., Wu, Q., Wei, S. (2013). A fault tolerant NoC architecture using quad-spare mesh topology and dynamic reconfiguration.Journal of Systems Architecture,59(7), 482-491. Shioda, S., Yoshihara, M. (2015). Markov property of correlated random networks and its application to the analysis of the Internet topologies.Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE,6(2), 237-251. Shirazi, F. (2014). Interrogating Irans restricted public cloud: An actor network theory perspective.Telematics and Informatics,31(2), 228-236. Zhang, X., Papachristodoulou, A. (2013, June). A real-time control framework for smart power networks with star topology. InAmerican Control Conference (ACC), 2013(pp. 5062-5067). IEEE.

The kite runner free essay sample

Leesh bear Friendship with a Kite The desire for friendship comes quickly. Friendship does not. Aristotle In The Kite Runner, the theme of friendship is probably one on the most obvious themes to spot. The book is centered around the friendships made, and how the friendships will test their true loyalty and sometimes even their lives. According to Mark Vernon friendship is a complex thing. He says this; A heavy burden is placed on friendship. We turn to friends for our happiness. Some say they trust friends more than family. And there are those who want to marry their best friend a very novel idea. Then, in the networked age, we believe, or hope, that friendship is elastic enough to connect us across the web of complex lives, and strong enough not to snap. But is it? For whilst friendship offers much, few ask about its perils and limitations, as well as its promise. We will write a custom essay sample on The kite runner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This relates to The Kite Runner almost perfectly. As it would tor any book dealing with the hardships and tests ot friendship, but somehow this one seems to fit best with this novel. one of the characters who reflects a lot on friendship Is Amir. Amir not focusing so much on his friendship, but the question of friendship completely, how two people of ifferent races, one accepted by society and the other outcast can be friends. But In none of his stories did Baba ever refer to All as his friend. The curious thing was, I never thought of Hassan and me as friends either. Not in the usual sense anyhow Because history isnt easy to overcome. Neither is religion. In the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara, I was Sunni and he was Shia and nothing was ever going to change that. Nothing. When Hassan talks about friendship or more so reflects on it, he comes from more of a third party outsider point of view. He never really goes into detail, but the author ets us know he is caring and forgiving. Hassan writes letters to Amir filled with warmth and nostalgia for their time in Kabul. Somehow, Hassan never thinks to hold a grudge against Amir. Its unthinkable its simply not part of the makeup of this character. (shmoop. com) Even th ough they come trom different back rounds the tact that they are Ilke brothers Is really nice to see. Though the time they live In their friendship Is considered bad, they pursue It anyways. Many trials their friendship faced, yet they continued to keep eachother close. Then, when Amir attempts to fit Into society he leaves Hassan behind. Someone who he was so close to for so long. Too late we learn, a man must hold his friend unjudged, accepted, trusted to the end Oohn Boyle OReilly). Hassan was the one who helped Amir choose the path of his future career. Amir had taken advantage of the friendship between Hassan and him. He made fun of him whenever he had the chance, but Hassan never took it to heart and still perceived Amir as his best friend. One day while he read to Hassan, Amir made up the ending of the story and Hassan loved it. He said, That was the best story youVe read me in a 1 OF2 Hassan was both physically and mentally stronger than Amir. According to Baba, Amirs father, there was something wrong with Amir since his birth. Amir never stood up for himself and he was different for the fact that he liked poetry, something that Baba believed was not normal for a young boy. One day while Hassan and Amir were walking towards their tree, they came upon Assef and his friends. Assef was the son of one of Babas friends, an airline pilot. He was known for his brass knuckles and wanted to start an argument with Hassan and Amir. Right before he was going to hurt them, Hassan grabbed his slingshot and aimed it right at Assefs left eye. He let the boys go but said he was going to get revenge. This part of the story foreshadowed an event that occurred later in the story in which Amir and Hassans lives were changed forever. The Kite Runner free essay sample Kahled Hosseinis novel, The Kite Runner, serves as a story of redemption and metamorphosis of child into man, through the eyes of a young Afghan boy born into a family of recognition and prosperity. Amir, son of businessman Baba, narrates his outlook on the struggles he faced from his troubled childhood, including jealousy, neglect, and the manifestation of his own insecurities. Amir thrives for redemption in hopes of relieving self-condemnation, due to pain inflicted on his best friend Hassan out of jealousy and cowardice.Transforming from a guilt-ridden boy to a supportive, independent man, protagonist Amir in Kahled Hosseini’s novel â€Å"The Kite Runner,† travels through life and uses his experiences and hardships to transition from boyhood into adulthood. Growing up with a successful father, Baba, Amir is constantly reminded of his failure to live up to his family expectations and is blamed for his mothers death. To separate from his troubles, Amir chooses to preoccupy his time with writing poetry instead of participating in violent sports. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Baba accuses Amir for not being a true man because of his preferred activities, and continues to harass his son, making Amir feel unappreciated and unloved. Amir especially feels such neglect when Baba presents Hassan, Amirs best friend and servants son, with a life-changing surgery to fix his cleft lip. This gesture stimulates Amirs animosity for Hassan, as he feels that Hassan does not have to work for Babas affection. Feeling unappreciated, neglected, and jealous, Amirs hostility builds both inward, toward himself and outward, toward his surrounding peers.With the seed of malice and insecurity previously planted, Amir takes out his animosity on his friend Hassan, which provides ammunition for his growth into adulthood. Leaving his childish concerns and entering the world of boyhood, Amir makes many mistakes affecting not only himself, but also others around him. One day as Amir stumbles upon Hassan being raped by bully Assef, he fails to defend his friend, partially due to his seeding animosity and also to his cowardice.Through this experience, Amir proves his lack in ability of strength and self-assertion to confront the troubles he encounters as a boy. Shadowing the traumatizing experience, Amir encounters a personal-war as he brims with guilt, yet avoids confession of the situ ation. Amir then proves his cowardice again by ridding of Hassan instead of submitting to his own guilt and taking responsibility. In doing so, Amir frames Hassan as a thief to his father Baba to ensure that Hassan and Ali will move away.Racked by his own emotions, Amirs boyhood encompasses the shame, guilt, and cowardice that result from his significant mistakes. Through his mistakes and experiences in Afghanistan, Amir finally undergoes his last transformation from boyhood into manhood by sacrificing his entitlement and learning to support himself and his family. During his adaptation to the U. S. , Amir is forced to work for money instead of life being served to him on a silver-platter. Eventually, Amir is able to drop his haughty and presumptuous attitude and establish a profitable and successful career. Once he reaches a point of stability, Amir falls in love with his beautiful Soraya while also taking on the responsibility in nursing his ill, aged-father. In doing so, Amir proves his newly achieved independence and support he provides for his family. Shortly after, Amir again proves his loyalty and selflessness when he agrees to rescue Hassans son, Sohrab, from an orphanage in Kabul.In saving Sohrab, Amir realizes that the Taliban officer is Assef and sacrifices himself, proving his gained courage and loyalty. In his confrontation, Amir finally gains redemption from all his guilt and is able to live his life in contentment. Resulting from these life-changing experiences, Amir gains redemption and in doing so undergoes metamorphosis starting as a neglected child, selfish boy, and finally into the selfless man that he always strived to be. In his final transition from child, to boy, to man, Amir proves his success, independence, support, and loyalty. The Kite Runner free essay sample The narrative The KiteRunner written in the first person point of view by Khaled Hosseini revolves around Amir and the three stages in his life. His childhood which was based in the early 1970’s was the most influential part of his life which is why Amir can bee seen as a coward and a selfish character. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although he does possess these traits his is not entirely to blame for them. Baba, his father can be seen as the character which influences Amir the most. His expectations are far to big for Amir to fulfill. Amir is also seen as a selfish character especially when he cant seem to get any attention from his father. The moment which shapes up the rest of the book is caused by Amir and his utter cowardliness. Watching his best friend get raped haunts Amir throughout the rest of the novel. Baba didnt give much attention or time for Amir which could be a cause as to why he is such a selfish character. Amir felt like he could not live up to his fathers expectations, he lacked approval and love which made him jealous and selfish. This is evident in the way Baba talks about Amir to Rahim Kahn, labeling Amir as a disappointment and also by the way Amir strives for his fathers approval by sacrificing Hassan in order to attain it. Evidence of Amir’s selfishness and cowardice can be seen throughout the text although his fathers influence is also a heavy contributor to his many flaws. Amir himself sees this â€Å"I realised how much of who i was ,what i was, had been defined by Baba† Although all these indecent acts Amir makes in his life, they are not solely to blame for his flaws. The lack of attention and love Amir receives from his father Baba, twists him to become selfish. Amirs only thinks about how he will benefit from his actions rather then the effect is causes to other characters. His jealousy he has of the attention Hassan receives from his father is a factor as to why is becomes so selfish. Amir frames Hassan and Ali which forces them out of the house. The self centered act of hiding a watch and money under Hassan’s mattress shows how powerful Baba is in his life. Amir believes his father favoured Hassan so with him out of the picture Amir sees this as an opportunity to become closer to his father and continues to struggle for acceptance. Maybe Hassan was the price I had to pay, the lamb i had to slay to win Baba† This selfish acts only creates more havoc in his emotional battle to overcome his guilty conscious. Amir accepts that he will always be seen in Baba’s eyes as a let down and a burden. Even though Amir tried to be the ideal son for Baba he failed, but as he tried he dragged down other people with him, which Hosseini successfully portrays Amir as the selfish character, he only has himself to blame for. At the heart of the story is an act of cowardice in the face of abuse, a choice of self preservation over a stand to protect the vulnerable. Amir cowardly watched on as his best friend Hassan was raped by a group of boys. This act of betrayal destroys the boys friendship because Amir cannot forgive himself. This act of cowardliness is what made him who he was. â€Å"I became what i am today at the age of twelve† He struggles for redemption after this. Amir has the opportunity to stand up for Hassan or to run. In his own words, he says In the end, I ran. I ran because I was a coward. Amir attempts to rationalize his decision with the dehumanising thought that Hassan was just a Hazara. Ultimately Amirs cowardliness has a large flow on affect which haunts him throughout the rest of the text. Amirs actions are selfish and cowardly but he is not entirely to blame for his flaws. Baba can be seen as an influence of his selfishness, Amir only wanting his fathers acceptance leads him to selfish acts against friend Hassan. When in comes to being brave all his strength seems to go when he needs it the most, watching his frie nd get raped was the defining point in the text. Amir can only be seen at fault here because there is no other influence to make him the coward he is. The Kite Runner free essay sample The relationship between Baba and Amir is a complex one as Baba reveals his role as a father, friend, and foe. Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runner explores this rollercoaster between Baba and his son Amir. As the novel unfolds, the lives of the characters unravel –as do their relationships and their sense of identity. Baba serves as an important link that connects each of the characters and also bridges the uncertain with the certain, lie with truth, pain with pleasure, servant with master, dark with light and then ultimately death with life. Each of these connections triggers strong emotions in Amir about feelings towards his father and how he feels about himself. This mixture of negative and positive feelings towards his father causes him much pain, but it also brings him closer to discovering him self and how in many ways he is truly his father’s son. Amir’s relationship with his father Baba starts off at a very rocky stage. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amir felt as though his father resented him since the day that he was born when his mother died while giving birth to him. Amir constantly felt as though he had to make up for killing the love of his father’s life, Sofia Akrami. However, this became a problem since there wasn’t much that Amir could do to impress Baba as they did not have much in common; the two had very different interests. Baba was more athletic, brave, and adventurous whereas Amir is the opposite. The contrast between the two was so large that Baba even said, â€Å"If I hadn’t seen the doctor pull him out of my wife with my own eyes, I’d not believe he’s my son. † (pg. 23). Amir overheard this scarring quote and became more determined than ever to win his father’s love and affection. Amir began trying so hard to impress his father that Amir even started sports. It was evident however, that it wasn’t one of his strengths. Baba’s lack of affection drove Amir into an imaginary competition between Hassan-his Hazara servant- and himself. Amir felt as though Baba was more affectionate to Hassan and he began to envy him. This led Amir to have a secret resentment towards Hassan, though he knew how much Hassan loved him. This bitterness played out in a terrible way on the day after the kite tournament. Amir witnessed Hassan get raped by the town bully Aseff- and he did nothing to help. He abandoned him in his most desperate moment. All Amir thought about was going home with the kite that Hassan had in his hand. The kite that Amir believed would make Baba love him even more now that he had won the kite tournament. That is why Amir said, â€Å"Maybe Hassan was the price I had to pay, the lamb I had to slay, to win Baba. † (Pg. 77). Even though he got the kite he wanted, Amir’s abandonment of Hassan in this tragic moment was a secret torment he had to live with for many years. Though Amir’s guilt meant living a life with a heavy weight on his shoulder, his life seemed to be looking up, since his relationship with his father Baba seemed to be improving. Ever since Amir won the kite tournament, Baba had been putting more of an effort into his relationship with Amir. Instead of ignoring Amir and not sharing any moments with him, Baba and Amir begun going out more. Baba agreed to do everything that Amir wanted to do and to Amir’s surprise, he even initiated some of their plans. The two did have their few bumps in the road however. For instance, when Amir was unable to deal with the guilt of seeing Hassan every day, he asked his father if he ever considered getting new servants. This made Baba furious. He told Amir, â€Å"I’ve never laid a hand on you Amir, but you every say that again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pg. 90). This is the moment, that the reader first gets sense that the connection between Baba and Hassan and his father Ali was much more than loyalty of years spent together. We learn that Baba grew up with Ali like a brother. The reader gets a deeper insight into their relationship later on in the novel. The reader finds out that Baba’s emotional response to Amir’s request is because Hassan is actually his son. From there on the relationship between Baba and Amir changed and went downhill. Amir realized that discussing that idea with Baba was a big mistake; however his desire to get rid of Hassan did not diminish. Amir took a decision to engage in a masterful act of deception and framed Hassan for stealing his watch and birthday money. This of course led to a confrontation between Baba, Amir, Hassan, and Ali. Hassan confessed to stealing the watch even though he didn’t and Baba instantly forgave him. Despite Baba’s act of forgiveness, the shame or perhaps the suspicion changed things in the household. Ali informed Baba that he and Hassan were leaving and would no longer be working for him. This was the first time that Amir saw Baba cry. Hassan was a good boy and Baba knew him well. He must have known in his heart that Hassan would not steal and that this predicament was all Amir’s doing. Of course this would put an even stronger strain on Baba and Amir’s relationship, but this wasn’t able to be expressed since Afghanistan soon underwent immense changes after Hassan and Ali’s leaving. After Hassan and Ali left Baba’s house in Kabul, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. Baba and Amir fled Kabul and headed towards Pakistan; later on the moved to America. These traumatic events that occurred strengthened the complex relationship between Baba and Amir. When the two began life in America, their relationship was stronger than ever. Baba and Amir really started bonding and connected as father and son should. Baba began taking an interest in Amir’s studies, supported him as he pursued his dreams to become a writer. They often joked with one another and Amir began helping out Baba a lot with everything and even took care of Baba while he was ill,. When it was time for marriage, Baba got permission for Amir to marry Soraya- an Afghan he met in America- and he paid for the entire wedding. The relationship was at a very good place when Amir witnessed his father die a happy, proud man. When Amir first found out that Baba was ill and was dying, Baba told Amir, â€Å"What’s going to happen to you, you say? All those years, that’s what I was trying to teach you, how to never have to ask that question. † (Pg. 157). Here Baba reveals to Amir that his poor parenting skills actually had good intentions. What Amir saw as poor fatherly skills were in fact Baba’s way of instilling in Amir a sense of independence and manhood. It was upon reflecting upon these conversations, that Amir realized just how many sacrifices Baba truly made for him and finally concluded that Baba did in fact love him. Baba went to America purely for Amir’s education and future, and even though he hated it, Baba refused to leave. Baba was forced to take manual work and therefore degraded himself to earn money in a gas station to support Amir and his life in America. Most of Baba’s savings went to Amir’s wedding. These are ways in which Baba demonstrated his love and care for Amir. However, though Baba was dead, Amir and Baba’s rollercoaster was not yet over; there was one last hiccup in their relationship. This came about when Baba’s darkest secret was revealed by Rahim Khan. The secret was that Baba had slept with Ali’s wife Sanaubar and impregnated her, making Hassan his child. Amir went through a series of mixed emotions at this revelation. Initially the news made Amir furious. He thought of his father as a hypocrite due to all of the lessons he had thought him in his past. Baba once told Amir, ‘There is only one sin – ‘and that is theft†¦ When you tell a lie, you steal someone’s right to the truth. (Pg. 225) Due to this lesson, Amir couldn’t help but think that Baba’s theft was the worst kind of stealing, since â€Å"the things he’d stolen had been sacred: from me the right to know I had a brother, from Hassan his identity, and from Ali his honor. † (Pg. 225). As Amir reflected on his father’s deception and betrayal, he started to see himself in a similar way. Amir realized that his father was more like him than he ever knew and this is when their relationship made the final shift. He saw how much they were one and the same. His feelings towards his father finally changed. â€Å"Baba and I were more alike than I’d ever known. We had both betrayed the people who would have given their lives for us. †(Pg. 226). Amir finally realizes that Baba was a man who also made mistakes and lived with regret. He recognized that the negative behaviors he had witnessed from his father, came from the struggles he had while trying to deal with the guilt and failures of the past. In the same way Amir had also suffered from the terrible things he had done. The big difference is at the end of the day Baba was a better man than Amir was, but Amir knew he had time to change this. From here on, Amir took on the task of redeeming both his and Baba’s mistakes. He agreed to go on the search for Hassan’s orphaned son Sohrab and to take care of him and raise him like he was his own. Amir is at last reconciled to his father. Although he was already dead, he is able to get some closure through Rahim Khan’s sharing with him. The conflicts and contradictions are also erased. His pain eases, he is sorry for his abandonment of Hassan and he forgives his father. Baba’s life of secrecy had broken with Muslim tradition in many ways and his behaviours had caused a chain of events that had the effect of both breaking and hurting relationships. He spends the rest of life making up for his failings. His example leads his own son Amir to see himself in a new way. He recognizes his weaknesses and forgives himself. He creates a relationship as a fatherly figure to his half brother’s son Sohrab and turns his life around. His outlook is now positive. There is no longer the darkness of secrecy and shame. Instead there is truth and there is love. Amir’s feelings of resentment turn to love and truth. The Kite Runner free essay sample People must sometimes defy the laws of society to overcome challenges in their path. In the novel, The Kite Runner authored by Khaled Hosseini, some characters face a lot of difficulties against the society in general. Hassan being a Hazara has constant opposition throughout his life. Baba finds a great change in his stature when he comes to America. Amir spends 26 years of his life keeping a secret that leads him to discovering many more secrets. Hassan faced a lot of challenges because he came from a social class that was considered inferior to the Pashtuns. Firstly, Hassan was always taunted by the society they lived in in Afghanistan. During a particular incident, a soldier calls to Hassan rudely, â€Å"You! The Hazara! Look at me when I’m talking to you! ,† and insults him (Hosseini 7). Here Hassan is referred to simply as the Hazara and Hassan was often reminded of his social status. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Secondly, Hassan’s friendship with Amir was not taken well by the people in the upper class who thought that their relationship should be nothing more than that of a master and servant. This is shown in Assef’s response, â€Å"Someday you’ll wake up from your little fantasy and learn just how good of a friend he is,† where Assef tells Hassan that he is only a servant and does not share any special relationship with Amir (Hosseini 77). This shows that it was difficult for Hassan to show the society that his relationship with Amir was more than that of a servant to master. Thirdly, Hassan sacrifices himself and suffers for Amir on countless occasions. For example, after the Kite Flying tournament, Hassan preferred to get raped than handing over the blue kite that was so dear to Amir. Hassan is shown to be extremely loyal to Amir on these instances. From the above mentioned points, it is proved that Hassan led a life of suffering and faced a lot of obstacles in challenging the rules of society. Another character who interestingly also faces a lot of obstacles although they are not very apparent is Baba. Baba confronted a lot of challenges during his life in both Afghanistan and America. Firstly, Baba was never able to openly show his affection for Hassan although he was his illegitimate son. He however does try to treat him like a son. In the quote, †Do you want to ask Hassan to come along to Jalalabad? ,† Baba is shown to be doing exactly that (Hosseini 86). Baba has had to live his entire life knowing that Hassan was his son but never directly showed it in any way. Secondly, unlike most people in Afghanistan, Baba was not a great believer in God. This is shown in the quote, â€Å"If there is a God out there, then I would hope he has more important things to attend to than my drinking scotch or eating pork,† where Baba clearly does not put his trust in God (Hosseini 20). Despite the teachings by the Mullahs, Baba does not believe them at all whereas the rest of Afghanistan is shown to be extremely religious. Baba was originally a merchant in Kabul. In fact, he was one of the most prosperous of them. After coming to America, Baba worked at a petrol station. He was quite hard hit by this change in lifestyle. At one instance, Baba gets angry at the fact that Mr. Nguyen asks Baba for a piece of ID. His irritation is clearly shown when Baba says, â€Å"What kind of a country is this? No one trusts anybody! † (Hosseini 135). Baba faces this change in his lifestyle and is unable to quickly adapt to it. Baba clearly faces a lot of obstacles in challenging the norms of society. In the following paragraph, Amir is proved to have faced a lot of obstacles in challenging the rules of society. Amir faces a lot of challenges in going against society during his lifetime in The Kite Runner. Firstly, Amir must go against the defined rules of society if he wants to accept Hassan as a friend in public. After he realises that he is brother he openly confronts the truth and is no longer attempting to hide it. He is shown confronting it in this quote, â€Å"He’s my nephew. That’s what you tell people when they ask. ,† where ‘he’ is Sohrab (Hosseini 380). Here he wants the world to now know that Hassan was his half-brother although this is against the rules of society. Secondly, when he returns to Afghanistan to get Sohrab back he can’t believe the condition Afghanistan is in. He goes against the Taliban who have become part of Afghan culture there and heavily influence the lifestyles of people there. A specific example is when the beard patrol comes and Amir looks right at them. This shows that Amir is ignorant towards the new leadership and does not completely accept them. Thirdly, Amir is shown to have tried to redeem himself so that he may feel better. He brings back Sohrab from Afghanistan even though he is a Hazara and knows that questions will be raised about him because Sohrab comes from a socially lower class even though he is Amir’s nephew. This shows that although Amir was brave enough to face the world even though what e had done could have serious consequences on his reputation. All the points above show that Amir had to go against society a number of times due to which he faced many obstacles in his path. In conclusion, any person must go through many hurdles in asserting the rules of society. Khaled Hosseini in his novel The Kite Runner has shown that these characters must surpass these hurdles to challenge the norms of society. As is proved by the three arguments stated above, Hassan, Baba and Amir were characters that braved these hurdles.

Liberal Feminism

Liberal Feminism One of Four Feminisms In 1983, Alison Jaggar published Feminist Politics and Human Nature where she defined four theories related to feminism: liberal feminism, Marxism, radical feminism, and socialist feminism. Her analysis was not completely new; the varieties of feminism had begun to differentiate as early as the 1960s. Jaggars contribution was in clarifying, extending and solidifying the various definitions, which are still often used today. Goals of Liberal Feminism What she described as liberal feminism is theory and work that focuses more on issues like equality in the workplace, in education, in political rights. Where liberal feminism looks at issues in the private sphere, it tends to be regarding equality: how does that private life impede or enhance public equality. Thus, liberal feminists also tend to support marriage as an equal partnership, and more male involvement in child care.  Abortion and other reproductive rights  have to do with control of ones life choices and autonomy. Ending domestic violence and sexual harassment have to do with removing obstacles to women achieving on an equal level with men. Liberal feminisms primary goal is gender equality in the public sphere, equal access to education, equal pay, ending job sex segregation, better working conditions, won primarily through legal changes. Private sphere issues are of concern mainly as they influence or impede equality in the public sphere. Gaining access to and being paid and promoted equally in traditionally male-dominated occupations is an important goal. What do women want? Liberal feminism answers: mostly, what men want: to get an education, to make a decent living, to provide for ones family. Means and Methods Liberal feminism tends to rely on the state and political rights to gain equality to see the state as the protector of individual rights. Liberal feminism, for example, supports affirmative action legislation requiring employers and educational institutions to make special attempts to include women in the pool of applicants, on the assumption that past and current discrimination may simply overlook many qualified women applicants. The Equal Rights Amendment was a key goal for many years of liberal feminists, from the original womens suffrage proponents who moved to advocate a federal equality amendment, too many of the feminists of the 1960s and 1970s in organizations including the National Organization for Women. The text of the Equal Rights Amendment, as passed by Congress and sent to the states in the 1970s, is classical liberal feminism: Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.While not denying that there may be biologically-based differences between men and women, liberal feminism cannot see that these are adequate justification for inequality, such as the wage gap between men and women. Critics Critics of liberal feminism point to a lack of critique of basic gender relationships, a focus on state action which links womens interests to those of the powerful, a lack of class or race analysis, and a lack of analysis of ways in which women are different from men. Critics often accuse liberal feminism of judging women and their success by male standards. White feminism is a kind of liberal feminism which assumes that the issues facing white women are the issues all women face, and that unity around liberal feminist goals is more important than racial equality and other such goals.  Intersectionality was a theory developed in criticism of liberal feminisms common blindspot on race. In more recent years, liberal feminism has sometimes been conflated with a kind of libertarian feminism, sometimes called equity feminism or individual feminism. Individual feminism often opposes legislative or state action, preferring to emphasize developing the skills and abilities of women to compete better in the world as it is. This feminism opposes laws that give either men or women advantages and privileges. Bibliography: Alison M. Jaggar. Feminist Politics and Human Nature.Drucilla Cornell. At the Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality.Josephine Donovan. Feminist Theory: The Intellectual Traditions of American Feminism.Elizabeth Fox-Genovese. Feminism Without Illusions: A Critique of Individualism.Betty Friedan. The Feminine Mystique.Catharine MacKinnon. Toward a Feminist Theory of the State.John Stuart Mill. The Subjection of Women.Mary Wollstonecraft. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.

Catholic England under Mary Tudor Research Paper

Catholic England under Mary Tudor - Research Paper Example Eamon Duffy clearly posits that the Marian regime’s religious policies were effective and did not use violence differently to ensure her state policies than other English or European monarchs. In the book, the author states â€Å"I suggest that the Marian restoration of Catholicism had, in fact, displayed high levels of determination and resourcefulness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The author concentrates the attention on the religious ideology of Catholics, which was under the threat of extinction. Duffy explains that the religious revolution was initially predetermined by the financial reasons. The country managed to fall into deep debts and was in a very uncertain position. In the situation of the mass disorders, it was very easy to hide the intentions of the government, whose aim was to fulfill their recourses. To prove this idea, Duffy writes â€Å"in 1552, Edward’s government, desperate for war funds, had turned this religiously inspired repudiation of Catholic externals into a fiscal resource, and had carried through the largest government confiscation of local property in English history.† In this case, it becomes obvious that the reasons for religious revolution were not based on pure belief. Edward’s government ransacking Church property to raise money and Mary’s decision making. Mary was forced to be strict and firm at taking decisions. She understood the fact that no conservative reforms and address to the subjects of the country could provide the order in it.