My Personal View On Culture - 1038 Words

Over the past few thousand years there have been many different perceptions of what the term Culture means. There are thousands of different cultures in the world, that’s what makes things fun and interesting. I’m aware some individuals would argue that books are the most accurate source I can find. However, in this situation you and I are the living definitions of culture, what it means to us, and the role it plays in our lives on a daily basis. Just knowing that makes you and I the most credible source obtaining knowledge on the definition culture. Culture is not only about showing diversity, disagreements, and agreements; culture to me is our way of life. Today I will be talking about my understanding of culture, my experiences pertaining to culture, and my partner’s cultural views and experiences. My personal view on culture may vary from others. The definition of culture in a text book as â€Å"a learned system thought and behavior that belongs to and typif ies a relatively large group of people: it is the composite of their shared beliefs, values, and practices.† (O’Hair, Wiemann, Mullin, Teven, 2015) However, when I sit down and think of all the repetitive definitions of culture, I think of all the characteristics that make me who I am. My own personal definition is all the building blocks in life that make up my personality, likes and dislikes, and my attitude. When I say the word building blocks I mean co-cultures such as religion, race, gender, and there are manyShow MoreRelatedAn Indian Father s Plea Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesHelena Wood 10/2016 Period:4 ELM 2 Do you think that your culture impacts your decisions more than your personal opinion does? Or maybe that your culture has nothing to do with your viewpoint? There is a lot of controversy on this topic. A person s culture majorly affects how one views the world, however personal opinion, experiences also play a role. Personal experiences help to shape people into who they are today. Personal experiences shape how you respond to situations. In â€Å"An Indian Father’sRead MoreBusi 5601416 Words   |  6 Pagesshould personal religious beliefs impact our decisions about business ethics? My personal view on how much impact should my believes influence my business, or whatever decision I make is that it should be fully Involved. My decisions that I make should constantly reflect in what I claim to believe in.   To what extent do your personal religious (or non-religious) beliefs about life impact your sense of business ethics and personal decision-making? Again my personal view about my beliefsRead MoreBeh 220 Applied Final Project1643 Words   |  7 Pagesscience option for my Business Major. Based on the courses offered I believed that Diversity Consciousness would benefit not only my personal life but it would also benefit me in my career field as well. In my current field I am a leader in a large diverse organization and my expectations for the course was it would provide me with additional skills to become a more effective leader. Diversity Consciousness has expanded my scope and redefined for me what diversity means on a personal, social and globalRead MoreDefining Normative And Subjective Culture1743 Words   |  7 Pages We are all defined, and heavily influenced by, the culture in which we have grown and adopted. Culture is defined as â€Å"the customs, arts, social institution s, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group†, according to The Oxford Dictionary, and can be separated into two specific classifications known as normative and subjective culture. Normative culture is â€Å"the connecting beliefs, values, tradition, economy, political and social institutions, artistic expressions and collectiveRead MoreCulture And The Culture Learning Process1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe world culture has many different meanings depending on the person you ask. Each person has their own view on what they think culture is. To me, culture could be defined as different puzzle pieces that come together to create a person socially, physically and mentally. According to Chapter Three, Culture and the Culture-Learning Process, authors Cushner, McClelland, and Safford (2009) talks about culture and defines it as â€Å"Culture determines, to a large extent, people s thoughts, ideas, patternsRead MoreIdentity And Personal Identity1430 Wo rds   |  6 Pageswe have the third influence on a person’s identity, personal choice. Without one or the other the notion of personal choice would not be corrupted. How a person thinks and looks affects their life, which in turn, affects their personal choices. What a person is born with, can affect how they as a human are viewed. A person’s culture can influence what choices they make and whether the choice they make is good or bad. This is not to say personal choices don’t make up our identity, more that theyRead MoreWhat Did You Learn From The Course Content?927 Words   |  4 Pagescertain behaviors or norms. This is the first sociology course I have ever taken, but I have taken a few psychology courses, and have found that while in this class my mind automatically jumped to personal explanations instead of societal ones. For example, when discussing deviance and the question of why someone would be deviant, my first thoughts were things like perhaps a personality disorder, or parental figures who were also deviant; it was harder to look at a broa der picture and think aboutRead MoreDifferences Between The And Religious Groups1195 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolvements to their neighborhood associates. We live in a diverse nation, with each individual governed by their personal values and beliefs, while endeavoring to spread synchrony and unity. When it comes to understanding families, society should both emphasize the similarities that exist across ethnoracial and religious groups, and emphasize the differences that give these groups their unique culture and identity. We should value differences, as â€Å"the different abilities, interests, attitudes, and valuesRead MoreThe Medias Impossible Value Of Body Image1332 Words   |  6 Pageswith unrealistically perfect bodies. After being so exposed to the media’s opinion of a good physique, I made it my goal to aspire to look like the women the media portrays in a positive light. However, I now know I became a victim of our culture’s impossible value of body image. I n this paper, I will be analyzing the value of body image to gain an understanding of how our own personal experiences relate to the larger society. Sociological Imagination First and foremost, sociological imaginationRead More Ones world view of Education and Learning Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesUsing the concept of a ‘world view’, identify some of the beliefs and attitudes, particularly to education and learning, that you bring to your learning now. Reflect critically on how your world view has been shaped by factors such as your gender, age or community. Individuals see the world in unique and varied ways. Factors such as educational experiences, ways of knowing, personal responsibility and family structure have influenced my beliefs and attitudes. A world view results from the process through

The Rule Of An Unfit Ruler - 1702 Words

The Rule of an Unfit Ruler Aristotle one said, â€Å"He who is to be a good ruler must have first been ruled.† The ideal ruler may vary according the individual preference of man and woman, but ultimately have similar characteristic inclinations for the desired leader. In William Shakespeare’s The Tempest, the desire for power and leadership was a reoccurring theme throughout the play and the source of conflict between the characters. Shakespeare designed his characters so that they had very different personalities, with different perspectives of the ideal ruler and perfect utopia. Generally, characteristics of the ideal ruler include attributions such as forgiveness, equality for everyone, and freedom for the people. Prospero, the main character of the play and self- proclaimed ruler of the island in which he had been banished upon, lacked in many of the important characteristics of the ideal ruler. His form of rule does not fit the criteria of a good leader according to the inhabitants of the island, due to his lack of; forgiveness, equality towards everyone and freedom for his subjects. Forgiveness is an essential characteristic to possess for the ideal ruler because it allows the leader to set a good example to his or her subjects and allows for them to pardon the many mistakes or inappropriate behaviour that may occur. Prospero was a very vengeful individual who lacked in forgiveness for others. After 12 years spent on the island, Prospero had not forgotten how hisShow MoreRelatedThe Guidance of a Government Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States and ruled under a monarch. Jefferson couldn’t tolerate the abuse from a monarch, so he rebelled against the British crown. In 1776, Thomas Jefferson wrote The Declaration of Independence, and declared the colonies were free from British rule. Before he became the author of The Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was established â€Å" as an ardent republican and revolutionary† (Jacobus 77). Jacobus states Jefferson is, â€Å"one of the most versatile Americans of any generation† (Jacobus 78)Read MoreThe Aeneid And The Pax Romana1580 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduced to a strong and proficient ruler. She is devoted to her late husband, Sychaeus. After his death is has vowed never to marry again which she up holds for a period of time. She too, like the protagonist, Aeneas as fled from their homeland, because of destruction. In the case of Dido her brother Pygmalion as killed her husband. Driven by this mayhem, she builds a new city with the treasure she took from her brother, Pygmalion. Dido becomes the ruler of Carthage and focuses all her effortsRead MoreEssay on Plato’s The Republic1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthis for themselves. He is ridiculed for leaving in the first place. The simile deals with all the aspects of Plato’s philosophical beliefs, one belief held by Plato is that the philosophers are the only members of society fit to rule, because they are the highest educated. They are able to use the Form of the Good for perception and are better qualified than the rest of the people in the state. In the Simile of the cave these philosophers represent the freed prisoner Read MoreThe Descent Of A Regime From A To An Oligarchy1309 Words   |  6 Pagesthey will not always choose the best candidates. Since the current guardians will not always select the children with gold souls, the aristocracy will eventually degenerate into a less just society. Some new rulers will attempt to preserve the old and just ways, while the less benevolent rulers will want private property among guardians, creating tension in the ruling class. Eventually, this tension will be alleviated by â€Å"coming to an agreement on a middle way: they distributed the land and housesRead MoreA Summary Of Plato And Aristotle818 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom ancient Greece. Although both Plato and Aristotle are great thinkers, their philosophical views of the role of women as potential rulers differ very much from one another. In fact, many of Aristotle’s writings about the role of women contradict the beliefs of his professor, Plato. This paper will provide an in-depth comparison of the potential for women to be rulers in Aristotle’s and Plato’s societies. Secondly, this paper will seek to determine whether or not Aristotle’s and Plato’s ancient viewsRead MoreThe Downfall Of The Romanov Dynasty1749 Words   |  7 PagesVarious aspects of Nicholas II’s political decisions reflected his clear unsuitability for the role of Tsar, and these decisions form a preliminary basis for both his own legacy of incompetency the eventual undoing of the Romanovs. In comparison to rulers preceding, Nicholas was ill-prepared for the role: his father, Alexander III, failed to adequately develop his son’s understanding of civil state responsibilities before his death in 1894, under the guise that he would live long enough to teachRead MorePlato s View On Philosophers1334 Words   |  6 Pagesfit to rule. All others who attempt to rule will create terrible consequen ces for a city. The people shun philosophers because they are lovers of knowledge and are perceived to be different from them. The majority of people in a city are not lovers of knowledge but rather lovers of beauty. Referencing â€Å"Plato’s Republic, each person has a different skill they are naturally good at. Knowing this, philosophers must be naturally good at thinking and arguing. However, a good and great ruler needs moreRead MoreA Common Goal Of Humanity1265 Words   |  6 Pagescaring; however, this is not always the case. To start, the divine can mean multiple things, such as any number of deities (depending on the religion), a ruler, or a king. As stated in Mengzi’s teachings, a ruler must first and foremost care for his or her people. If this is not the primary goal, and something such as greed is, the ruler is unfit to rule, and their kingdom may end up revolting and protesting against them. He believes that â€Å"there [should] simply be benevolence and righteousness† (MengziRead MorePlatos 4 Analogies Of The Republic Analysis1579 Words   |  7 Pagesin the ideal state. The four analogies include the ship, the sun, the divided line, and the cave. The analog ies of the ship, and the cave are used by Plato to represent the people of the state and proving his argument that philosophers are the true rulers of the state. The divided line and the sun analogies also supports Plato’s point about philosophers obtaining intellectual knowledge apposed to the ordinary citizens who only have sensible knowledge. Plato argues that the ordinary citizens can beRead MoreThe Downfall Of Julius Caesar962 Words   |  4 Pagesunder Caesar’s control daily Roman life improved, his assassination was for the best of the Roman people because he had stated himself as the dictator for life in Rome, ruining any chance of continuing democracy, he was self-centered, Rome got a new ruler and became successful Caesar, being ambitious, was able to further his career very quickly.â€Å"In the early 60 BC, he launched his own successful political and military career. Rising rapidly, he campaigned successfully for the consulship in 60 B

What is the Purpose of the Daily News Free Essays

What is the purpose of the daily news? Many will answer and say that the news is there to inform the public, but is that really their purpose. Most of the news that is shown on television is shown in less than two to three-minute segments; a person cannot become informed on certain topics in that little amount of time. The three-minute segments of news that are displayed on television only give the viewer a watered down version of information from a biased point of view. We will write a custom essay sample on What is the Purpose of the Daily News? or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a person watches the news one can see that many of images shown are negative towards a certain subject. The viewer may not see it but the shocking or exciting images being displayed constantly on the daily news must have some greater purpose than to inform the viewer. The greater purpose is to provoke public interest and excitement; this provocation of public interest and excitement through the use of exciting or shocking images, stories, and language is called news sensationalism. Many people think they are being informed by the news but what they do not realize is that it is not always enlightening, as it should be, but it is instead very captivating. Through the use of sensationalism the news that is displayed on television everyday impacts and influences a person by showing them negative images, using â€Å"buzz† words, providing one-sided information, and by restricting boundaries of information. What types of images are displayed daily on the news? Tune into the news and the first image that are shown are images on something negative like murder, war, violence, and death. News stations display these types of negative images in order to acquire your attention. Negative images on the news grab people’s attention because they rarely happen in a person’s life. People are attracted to negative images of violence and death because they find them fascinating. These negative images are fascinating because many people have not experienced them first hand; there exists less violence and death now than in any other time in human history. Humans are creatures who have evolved over time from a civilization of violence and death to one that has become more sophisticated and educated. Therefore, when images of violence and death are displayed on television they show people a part of the human past that was more violent. This shows that humans have some type wickedness inside them because if they did not humans would not sit in front of their television watching news on people’s death. Now when horrible events occur in this world people can see it on the news, therefore, one can say that human beings have become desensitized to negative images because they are being shown constantly in a continual loop. Consequently, the negative images of violence and death may be showed on the news in order to remind humans of their violent past and to show that these events do occur in real life. In addition, the negative images help people manage with their current situations by showing them that their lives are not so bad and could be much worse. The continual loop of negative images reflects that society likes the negative because it reminds humans of their fascination for violence and helps people cope with their current situations. The news media use â€Å"buzz† words constantly in their news and headlines to capture a viewer’s attention in order to instill fear and make profit. â€Å"Buzz† words, according to the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, are type of words or phrases that usually sound important or technical and are used primarily to impress people without knowledge in a particular subject (â€Å"buzzword†). First off when a news station tries to grab the viewers attention they usually use the headline â€Å"We just got breaking news,† this phrase immediately captures a person’s attention because one does not know what to expect. After that phrase is said some type of â€Å"buzz† word usually follows it immediately because people will not know about the subject since it is breaking news. For example, when 9/11 occurred it was breaking news and president Bush followed right after the attack with a small speech. In that speech president Bush used the â€Å"buzz† words terrorism, bombing, and extremism because they sounded technical to the situation. President Bush’s words captured the people’s attention and impressed them so much that they were instilled with fear and eventually lead to the war in Iraq. Moreover, by obtaining people’s attention through the use of â€Å"buzz† words news stations draw more views, which in turn allows them to get higher ratings and make profit. News stations make profit by selling airtime to commercials, so a news station with a lot of viewers will make a great quantity of money. Therefore, â€Å"buzz† words are used more now than ever before because using them allows news stations to instill fear and gather more viewers which amounts to more profit. When people watch the news they tend to trust the information they are getting because many people are lazy to go searching for information on their own, as a result the news seems real and authentic but in reality the news merely provides biased information. The news provides one-sided information because it is in the news stations best interest to do so; being biased allows news stations to attract specific types of viewers. By attracting a specific type of viewer it allows news stations to push a distinct viewpoint. For example, Fox news is a conservative media outlet that attracts conservatives, while MSNBC is liberal media outlet that attracts liberals. They each have their different point of view but they cater to people who have the same view as them. Therefore, when people watch the news on one of these networks they shall only be informed on one side of the argument. This also shows something about the viewers; it shows that the viewers only watch specific news networks in order to reinforce their side of the argument. Every human has their own one-sided view when it comes to specific subjects, so in order to prove that their view is right to individuals they have to reinforce their biased view in some way and that way is through the news (Eveland). For example, when a person thinks of a Muslim they usually think of a person who is a terrorist and from the Middle East. Their belief on what a Muslim person is was reinforced by the news coverage on 9/11. This gave many people biased views on what type of people are terrorists; the news coverage gave Americans the false perception that all Muslim people must be terrorists that hail from the Middle East. Therefore, most of the biased views that come from the news can be attributed to the viewer’s self-centered ideology that they have to be right because the news intention is only to give viewers what they want to hear. In essence, the daily news that is shown is always biased because different media outlets want to attract and give specific viewers what they want. News stations have created restricted boundaries so that people don’t searching for information outside of them. One must first ask what are those restricted boundaries? These restricted boundaries are the information that is not shown to the public. National governments hold many secrets and if they were to be exposed by the news to the citizens many of them would feel betrayed. If people could not trust their government they would most likely rebel so in order to keep their trust the government works behind the scenes controlling what is shown on the news. Many governments do this by regulating the media through the use of money by either fining the news companies or allowing them to be tax exempt. Therefore the news can be used to keep people under control and manipulate them. For example, the media coverage on the 9/11 terrorist attacks was used to manipulate American citizens to go to war with Iraq even though Iraq had nothing do with it. President Bush’s administration manipulated â€Å"evidence† on the news so that he could get Americans citizens to agree with him to invade Iraq (Hutchinson). Everyone in America at that time was so focused on revenge that no one dared question the information that was provided on the news. At that time it was a restricted boundary to question whether the war in Iraq was just; everyone just assumed it was justifiable after what had happened. It was not until many years later that Americans went outside the restricted boundary to uncover the truth about why they had invaded Iraq. The news was and continues to be manipulated so that people never search for information outside of restricted boundaries because what they might find may not be what they were shown. The news original intention was to inform the public and provide accurate information. It has changed drastically through the use of news sensationalism. Negative images are now shown so constantly in a continual loop that humans have become attracted to them, which in turn, has helped people cope with their current living situations. â€Å"Buzz† words have also gone on the rise because they have enticed more viewers, which have helped news stations instill fear into people and make more profit. Information on the news has now become biased in order to cater to certain types of people because viewers now only want to reinforce that they are right and justified in their opinions. Restricted boundaries have also been created by the news so that viewers do not go searching for information outside of them because many people may find out that they have been manipulated in some way by the news that was presented to them. To sum it up, the daily news that is presented now is not what it used to be; it is now a tool used by media outlets to distort the truth. How to cite What is the Purpose of the Daily News?, Papers

Actor-Network Theory in Information Systems Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of star, bus, and mesh physical topologies. Provide real examples of each type. 2.Explain Encapsulation and Decapsulation in a five layer TCP/IP Protocol Suite. 3.Calculate the approximate bit rate and signal level(s) for a 6.8 MHz bandwidth system with a signal to noise ratio of 132. 4.Explain why the OSI Model is better than the TCP/IP model. 5.What is the total delay (latency) for a frame of size 5 million bits that is being sent on a link with 10 routers each having a queuing time of 3.5 s and a processing time of 1.8 s. 6.According to RFC1939, a POP3 session is one of the following states: closed, authorization, transaction or update. Draw a diagram and explain to show these four states and how POP3 moves between them. Answers: 1.The advantages and disadvantages of star, bus and mesh topologies are discussed below: Advantages Disadvantages Star topologies As appeared differently in relation to the Bus topology it gives far superior execution. The signals not really get exchanged to each workstation. The execution of the framework depends on the capacity of the central hub. It is simple to join the new nodes or the devices (Zhang Papachristodoulou, 2013). It requires more cable than the other topologies. As the switch, concentrator or the hub gets fizzled, the appended nodes are crippled. Bus Topologies It works outstandingly as there is a small framework. It is the most straightforward framework topology for interfacing the computers or the peripherals directly. It requires less cable length than star topologies. It is difficult to perceive the issues if the whole framework breaks down. It is hard to research each and every issue. It works poor for colossal systems (Cerutti et al., 2015). Mesh Topologies Data could be exchanged from different gadgets concurrently. The topology tolerates high congestion of traffic. Indeed, even if one of the parts fails to execute, there are different alternatives also (Ren et al., 2013). So data transformation is not affected. There have been large extents of repetition in different network associations. General cost of this framework is unreasonably high when appeared differently in relation to different topologies. 2.Encapsulation: The data encapsulation, is the approach where the detailed implementation of the class is hidden from the client. The client can just play out a limited arrangement of operations on the shrouded class members. This is done through particular functions, known as the methods. Decapsulation: Decapsulation is the way toward opening up of the encapsulated information. These have been typically sent as packets on a network. It is characterized as the way toward opening the capsule alluding to the encapsulated data. Multiplexing is the arrangement of techniques permitting the synchronous communication of some signals transversely over any single data connection (Patel et al., 2014). In the demultiplexing the channels has been used for breaking up the signals into the vital portions of the signals. The "demultiplexing" and "multiplexing" methods have been regularly involved with the fragmentation of the data signals (Fontaine, 2013). In the same manner, the "encapsulation" and the "decapsulation" procedures have been essentially related with data security. 3.Given- bandwidth W = 6.8 MHz The Signal to noise ratio (SNR) or R= 132 Let the bit rate be B. B=W log (1+R) =6.8x106 log2 (1+132) = 6.8x106 log2 133 = 48 Mbps. Let, number of signals= N. B = 2 * W * log2 (N) = 48= 2*6.8*log2 N = log2 N= = log2 N= 3.56 4 (approximately) = N = 24= 16. Answer: The required bit rate = 48 Mbps Signal level = 16. 4.The amount of layers of OSI models display has been more than that of the TCP/IP models. Thusly, the OSI show conveys better value and significant number of decisions than the TCP/IP. TCP/IP framework has been picked as the more proper option. This is on account that the execution of TCP/IP more sensible for real world implementation (Bora et al., 2014). The usefulness of the system has been more effective than the other alternate models. The primary weakness is that the model is exceptionally hard to implement. The OSI model has been more effective than others. However, it is very hard to implement (Alani, 2014). The TCP/IP on the other hand is easy to implement. Despite this, it performs slowly and is does not deliver good security 5.Frame Size or F = 5 million of bits. [given] Transmission Time = 5 x 106 /8 mS = 62500 =0.625 seconds Propagation Speed= S = 2.2x 108 m/s Bandwidth = 8 x 106 bps Link length L = 1900 km = 1900 x 103 m. Queuing Time= (10 x 3.5) mS = 35 mS. Processing Delay = (1.8 x 10) mS = 18 mS. Propagation Time = (1900 * 103 / 2.2* 108) uS = 8 uS The overall Delay Time = (35 + 18 + .08 + 62500) = 62551.08mS = 0.63 sec Answer: The total delay time = 0.63 seconds. Here, the transmission delay has been dominant component. Here, the propagation time has been negligible component. 6. Figure: The 4 States of POP3 Session (Source: Alexander, 2014) There are four states in the POP 3 protocols: Authorization: This is established when the connection is done. Transaction: Here, the transactions have been performed over authorized connections. Update: Transactions are upgraded here. Closed: When all the transaction is upgraded, POP 3 is closed. References: Alani, M. M. (2014). Tcp/ip model. InGuide to OSI and TCP/IP models(pp. 19-50). Springer International Publishing. Alexander, P. M. (2014). Actor-network theory in information systems research. Baolin, L., Xianbo, H., Jin, W. (2013). The Research and implementation of Key Technologies of Deep Packet inspection based on POP3 Protocol in Router Firewall.Journal of Convergence Information Technology,8(9), 819. Bora, G., Bora, S., Singh, S., Arsalan, S. M. (2014). OSI reference model: An overview.International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT,7(4). Bueger, C. (2013). Actor?Network Theory, Methodology, and International Organization.International Political Sociology,7(3), 338-342. Cartes, A., Brown, A. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,122,809. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Cerutti, I., Behredin, A. M., Andriolli, N., Ladouceur, O. L., Castoldi, P. (2016, July). Ring versus bus topology: A network performance comparison of photonic integrated NoC. InTransparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2016 18th International Conference on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Dongmo, E., Woafo, P. (2015). Effects of asymmetry, transmission delay and noises on the stability of an elementary electricity network.European Physical Journal B--Condensed Matter,88(7). Fontaine, N. K. (2013, July). Optical MIMO Demultiplexing and Space-Division Multiplexing using a Photonic Integrated Circuit. InSignal Processing in Photonic Communications(pp. SPT4D-1). Optical Society of America. Gilbert, D. U., Behnam, M. (2013). Trust and the United Nations global compact: A network theory perspective.Business Society,52(1), 135-169. Holligan, C. (2015). Disenfranchised Violent Young Offenders in Scotland: Using Actor-Network Theory to Explore an Aetiology of Knife Crime.Sociology,49(1), 123-138. Kohno, T., Geambasu, R., Levy, H. M. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,520,855. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Melthis, J., Tang, S., Yang, P., Hanneghan, M., Carter, C. (2016). Topologies for combining the internet of things and serious games.Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems,31(5), 2685-2696. Motamedi, R., Rejaie, R., Willinger, W. (2015). A survey of techniques for Internet topology discovery.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,17(2), 1044-1065. Osman, Z. A. (2015).Real time monitoring for tank level based on isa 100.11 a using star topology(Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia). Patel, K. A., Dynes, J. F., Lucamarini, M., Choi, I., Sharpe, A. W., Yuan, Z. L., ... Shields, A. J. (2014). Quantum key distribution for 10 Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexing networks.Applied Physics Letters,104(5), 051123. Raizen, H. S. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,069,481. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ren, Y., Liu, L., Yin, S., Han, J., Wu, Q., Wei, S. (2013). A fault tolerant NoC architecture using quad-spare mesh topology and dynamic reconfiguration.Journal of Systems Architecture,59(7), 482-491. Shioda, S., Yoshihara, M. (2015). Markov property of correlated random networks and its application to the analysis of the Internet topologies.Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE,6(2), 237-251. Shirazi, F. (2014). Interrogating Irans restricted public cloud: An actor network theory perspective.Telematics and Informatics,31(2), 228-236. Zhang, X., Papachristodoulou, A. (2013, June). A real-time control framework for smart power networks with star topology. InAmerican Control Conference (ACC), 2013(pp. 5062-5067). IEEE.