Essay --

Kaylee Miller ENG 2413, 3 periodC. Windham10 December 2013Helping spateMary Shelley was not an ordinary nineteen-year-old. She was the daughter of major novelist William Godwin and woman activist Mary Wollstonecraft, and the wife of one of the primary second-generation poet. In life, Mary had to face galore(postnominal) situations without her mother, because she was only eleven days old when she passed away. Throughout Marys life, she lost three of her four children prematurely. Her only surviving child was named Percy Florence, and she was born in 1819. Frankenstein was released when Mary was twenty-one years old. The central idea came to Shelley in a dream where she saw a student placing parts together of a manfuls body and working through an engine to animate it. In Marys Shelleys novel, the Creature goes from being innocent, to a harmful individual, and results in being a kind hearted helping hand. The Creature had a tough life to begin with, and he was an innocent creature. He was forced to provide for himself with acute nothing and without a leading hand. He describes his first expe...

The Odyssey :: essays research papers

The OdysseyThe Odyssey is one of the two great epic poems written by the ancient Greek poet Homer. Due to its antiquity, it is not known when or where it was first written, nevertheless, the approximate date and place is 700 BC Greece. Later publications are widespread as the text is set down in modern English with no deviation from the original story.The story is set in the lands and seas in close proximity to Greece changing by books as Odysseus, the protagonist whizz, recounts of his many massd adventures and misfortunes in a series of flashbacks. Odysseus, a survivor of the bloody Trojan War that left many Greek heroes stillborn and a city plundered, yearns to chip in Ithaca and his wife Penelope, who is solicited by countless suitors, yet due to an accidental grievance done to the God of Sea, Poseidon, Odysseus is plagued by misfortunes and spend some ten years traveling the seas searching a path home.The Odyssey is written in the third person omniscient perspective, per haps the only voice open(a) of integrating Homers usage of the Gods and the supernatural. This perspective shifts as necessary to give the reader a full understanding of Odysseus journeys. In fact, without incorporating the supernatural forces, there would be no way of understanding why Odysseus is met with such inhospitality from certain Gods or constructing a majestic recount of the actions in the plot.Odysseus is the classic Greek hero by all standards. He is a hardened warrior who has fought against the Trojans, a dutiful husband who would journey years to return home, a cunning wayfarer who fares wholesome with any host hostile or amicable, and a mortal in bipolar relation with the Gods. He may be the protagonist, yet as a mortal, he is only a servant to the Greek Gods. Poseidon has a bitter grudge against Odysseus for blinding the Cyclopes Polyphemus, yet Homer balances Odysseus fate by giving him the aid of the Goddess Athena. Thus, Odysseus fortunes and misfortunes are a ll the deeds and misdeeds of the Gods, and the protagonist is subject to his fate as determined by the supernatural. Homers implications about the life and fate of a man could be easily recapitulated as uncontrollable. Though the Greek Gods do not exist, mans fortunes and misfortunes still contain unexplainable entropy, go forth mortals with no precise knowledge or grasp of their future yet mortals do have an unfailing sense of hope, just as Odysseus is determined to return home despite his foes and hardships.

Homelessness in Canada Viewed Through a Sociological and Economic Lens

IntroductionResearchers from the Parliament of Canada have proven that there are as many as 300,000 homeless in Canada . Homelessness is a major hearty issue which is present in society throughout most of the world when it comes to Canada it is no exception. The homeless are known as people who do not have a home or a stable place of residence, they are seen as individuals who sleep in shelters, human beings places, vehicles, abandoned building or someone elses home . In the past few years homelessness in Canada has become a growing brotherly issue. Researchers say that there are approximately one coulomb million homeless individuals who live in public areas, which means they are that one hundred million out one billion homeless individuals who are not appropriately sheltered . Most homeless individuals are part of minority groups much(prenominal) as immigrants, aboriginals, youth, women and families. However, a number of the homeless are simply part of different cultural commu nities or they may just be mentally ill. in that respect are three types of homeless individuals such as, chronically homeless, cyclically homeless and temporarily homeless . Chronically homeless are individuals who are faced with mental infirmityes or substance abuse, cyclically homeless are individuals who had a situation change in their life for the worst and lastly temporarily homeless are individuals who become homeless but not for long .There are many questions and concerns about the homeless population since the causes and consequences are negatively impacted. Historical overviewHomelessness in Canada is seen as major social issue. In the 1980s the homeless population started to increase . The increase of homelessness was lead by a variety of situations such as crimin... ...melessness, http//www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb991-e.htm, (accessed April 2, 2012).Stephen W. Hwang, et al. medicine problems among homeless individuals in Toronto, Canada prevale nce, drugs of choice, and relation to health status. BMC Public Health 10, (January 2010) 94-100, EBSCO Academic Search Premier (accessed February 22, 2012). A. Thomas McLellan, et al, Individual characteristics of the literally homeless, marginally housed, and impoverished in a US substance abuse treatment-seeking sample. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology 43, no. 10 (October 2008) 839-840, EBSCO Academic Search Premier (accessed April 4, 2012). Gerhard Buchkremer, Prevalence of mental illness among homeless men in the community, Original Paper Journal 40 (October 2004) 385, EBSCO Academic Search Premier (accessed February 29, 2012).

Protest Against the WTO in Seattle Essay -- World Trade Organization P

Protest Against the WTO in Seattle The people assembled in the streets of Seattle were labor unionists and environmentalists, lumber workers and forest activists, students and teachers, farmers and cheese makers, Germans and Ukrainians, Africans and Asians, North Americans and Latin Americans, gays and straights, world rights activists and animal right activists, indigenous people and white urban professionals, children and elders. Some wore business suits, roughly overalls, some wore sea turtle costumes, some leather and piercings, some wore almost nothing at all (Reed 2005). A very diverse group joined together in Seattle, Washington in November of 1999 to fight against the population Trade Organization (WTO) and its unfair policies. Despite the differences in nationality, race, religion, and ideals of the crowd in Seattle, tens of thousands of people formed nonpareil united front in the fight for spheric equality. Through a strong network of organizations, revolutionary technology, and alternate media coverage, activists of the global justice movement banded together through diversity to form one collective identity. Although music was not an integral part of this movement, the creativity that shined in Seattle, added to this already strong feeling of unity. Without the ability of this diverse group of nations and peoples to gather on the streets of Seattle, these revolutionary protests against the creative activity Trade Organization would not have made such an impact on the world today. Seattle was not the first place that anti-globalization ideas were voiced, exclusively it was the first taste of how strong the forces against global imbalances really were. This protest was the first place where the ideas... ...nt Effective?. Global Governance, 10(2), 207-225. Retrieved Tuesday, October 10, 2006 from the Academic Search Premier database. Parrish, Geov. 2004. Is this what failure looks handle? Seattle Was hington Seattle Weekly Media, Retrieved October 16, 2006. Reed, T.V. 2005. The Art of Protest. Minneapolis, MN The University of Minnesota Press.Schott, Jeffery. 2000. The WTO After Seattle. Washington, D.C Institute for International Economics.Starr, Amory. 2000. Naming the Enemy- Anti-Corporate Movements Confront Globalization. New York Zed Books Ltd.Taylor, Rupert. 2004. Creating a Better World Interpreting Global Civil Society. Bloomfield, CT Kumarian Press, Inc.World Socialists. 1999. The social meaning of the anti-WTO protests in Seattle. Seattle,Washington World Socialists Web Site, Retrieved October 15, 2006. (www.wsws.org/articles).

Clockwork Orange :: essays research papers

"A ClockWork Orange" The picture opens to a close up of an eye with a peculiar spacious eyelash. The camera fades back onto the face of a young gentlemen, he begins to narrate "There was me, that is Alex. And my three droogs (friends), that is Pete, Georgy and Dim. And we sat at the karuba take out bar trying to rat up our plans for the evening" For those of you who dont know this famous opening scene, I am talking ab away the movie "A Clockwork Orange". This movie, In my opinion, Is one of the greatest movies of all time. Not only a great movie, yet directed by a great man, Stanley Kubrick. Some of his other movies allow in Full Metal Jacket and Dr.Strangelove. Full Metal Jacket deals with Vietnam, while Dr. Stranglove deals with the c gaga war and nuclear weapons. "A Clockwork Orange" deals with moral judgment and the ideal of taking it away from someone. The pattern here to me is very clear. Kubrick liked to dive into subjects that are very c ontroversial and gave his own opinion in the form of a movie. A Clockwork orange is filled with a lot of hidden meaning and satire, which is what Im going to discuss in this essay.      The movie itself doesnt reference book when or where this took place. But since it was shot in London during 1960, much of the culture of that time is shown throughout the movie. As I stated earlier the movie starts out by showing four young men dressed all the same, sitting in a milk bar. The milk bar sounds harmless but the "milk" they sold at this bar was laced with drugs that helped them in what they were planning to do beat, rape and murder.for what they were planning to do beat, kill and rape. After they leave the milk bar, their first victim is a drunk homeless man. This is where Kubrick showed his audience why they were beating people for apparently no reason. Just before they beat the old man to death, he complained that there was no law or order anymore. And tha t everyone was in space "circling around the earth and living on the moon" This gives the wide reason that these four young gentlemen were beating people simply because they could.Alex is the leader of their clan. But along the way his other three "droogs" grow tired of his ways.

When Good Science Goes Bad :: Experiments Testing Papers

There appears to be some writing on the note ... A videotape shows a BMW driving quite erratically. It drives along swerving in and out of traffic. The car drives on the shoulder of the road and even off to the side of the road at times. On the tape a voice can be heard. It is the police officer communicating back and forth with the person on the other turn back of his radio. What he says is shown as subtitles on the bottom of the screen. He reads off the speeds his radar gun shows. This lets you know how recklessly the driver of the BMW is driving. As the tape continues to play the BMW seems to be driving worse and worse, until the driver loses control and ends up getting into some sort of horrific accident all caught on the camera that is sitting on the dash of the police officers cruiser. Everyone has seen these television shows the ones that are titled Worlds Scariest Police Chases, When practised Cops Turn Bad, and even Americas Dumbest Criminals. These shows on TV are relativ ely cheap to create. The companies exactly pay a person to do the narrating for the stories and they use actual footage from police car cameras or security cameras. The best part about these shows is they draw in the big ratings. Viewers love these shows and that brings in big advertising money for the companies. Well what if these shows were looked at in a different context? What if they were looked at because they were authoritative and not as a TV show? Then they were looked at in other areas, say science. What would happen if a TV show called When Good Science (or Scientists) Goes (Go) Bad? Would people become more aware of what is sacking on and try to prevent it or would they be happier with not knowing what is going on? It seems scientists sometimes are more concentrated on their own curiosity, and that they may work on things solely for their own pursuit of knowledge. Sometimes the aim of the scientist may be to create something that will help better the world, but in th e end the opposite happens. The questions of science are not new. Since the beginning of time, humankind has explored science. They ask questions and seek answers. The question of is science doing the right thing or not is also not a new question.

When Good Science Goes Bad :: Experiments Testing Papers

There appears to be some writing on the note ... A enter submits a BMW driving quite erratically. It drives along swerving in and out of traffic. The car drives on the shoulder of the highroad and even off to the side of the road at times. On the tape a voice can be heard. It is the police officer communicating back and forth with the person on the other end of his radio. What he says is shown as subtitles on the bottom of the screen. He reads off the speeds his radar gun shows. This lets you know how recklessly the driver of the BMW is driving. As the tape continues to frivol the BMW seems to be driving worse and worse, until the driver loses control and ends up getting into some sort of horrific accident all caught on the camera that is seance on the dash of the police officers cruiser. Everyone has seen these television shows the ones that are titled Worlds Scariest Police Chases, When Good Cops Turn Bad, and even Americas Dumbest Criminals. These shows on TV are relatively rubbishy to create. The companies just pay a person to do the narrating for the stories and they use actual footage from police car cameras or security cameras. The best part about these shows is they curl up in the big ratings. Viewers love these shows and that brings in big advertising money for the companies. Well what if these shows were looked at in a different context? What if they were looked at because they were real and not as a TV show? Then they were looked at in other areas, say science. What would happen if a TV show called When Good Science (or Scientists) Goes (Go) Bad? Would people become more aware of what is going on and try to prevent it or would they be happier with not wise(p) what is going on? It seems scientists sometimes are more concentrated on their own curiosity, and that they may work on things solely for their own pursuit of knowledge. sometimes the intention of the scientist may be to create something that will help better the world, but in the end t he opposite happens. The questions of science are not new. Since the offshoot of time, man has explored science. They ask questions and seek answers. The question of is science doing the right thing or not is also not a new question.

National Crime Prevention Council Essay

Cyberbullying and cybersuicide were the the topics on the news documentary CNNs Headline Prime on Tuesday certify 27th, 2007 at 800-900 p. m. The show reported on information and examples of Internet bullying in general, along with cases of cyber-suicide. One of the stories reported on come to a teen boy texting on the Internet that he wanted to kill himself. Others online egged him on, offered him a gun to use and touted, Chickenyou wont do it. The end result, the boy did kill himself.This wasnt the first time this has happened in cyberspace. The show even displayed the text of the messages. One boy wrote something to the effect Was this for real? by and by it became app arent the one youth followed through on his online threat of suicide. According to a survey from the National Crime Prevention Council, 33% of students between the ages of 8 and 18 know at least one person who has been a victim of cyber bullying (Shyrock, 2006). Bullying and suicide control always been around. As engineering and computers infiltrate our lives, I guess it should not be too surprising that daily events that once occurred in person are now pervading the Internet. Cyberbullying is sending or posting harmful or cruel text or images using the Internet or other digital communication devices (Cyberbullying, 2007). Cyberthreats were also discussed on CNNs Headline Prime and are a related concern. A cyberthreat is online material that threatens or raises concerns near violence against others, suicide, or other self-harm.The two kinds of cyberthreats that are order threats are actual threats to hurt someone or commit suicide. Some of the things I feel individuals, groups and society should do to improve this problem with cyberbullying and cybersuicide is occurring. The problem of cyberbullying has begun to be addressed in different ways. networksites exchangeable the Center for the Safe and Responsible Internet Use site (CSRUI), Cyberbully. org. and cyber- riskless-kids. com have been established to address the problem. CSRUI provides resources for educators and others to promote the safe and responsible use of the Internet.The statement on their homevarlet says, Mobilizing educators, parents, students, and others to combat online neighborly cruelty (Cyberbullying, 2007). The United States Government with the Secretary of Defense has introduced a non-profit organization i-Safe that aims at educating children, teens and adults about the harm of unregulated Internet (Cyberbullying, 2007). i-Safe works with trails, communities and law enforcement in creating programs to inform parents and children about the Internet, offering I-mentors and preparing individuals and communities on Internet bullying.Nancy Willard has an online document site that addresses legislative and school policies concerning cyberbullying. On this site, Cyberbullying Legislation and School Policies Where are the Boundaries of the Schoolhouse Gate in the Virtual World, Willard addresses s uch things as the history of cyberbullying, how cyberbullying affects students, and the policies and legislation concerning with cyberbullying. On Willards page she states that legislation is pending in a number of states to address the concern of cyberbullying.Many school districts are also adopting policies to address cyberbullying(Willard, 2007). Insofar as to incorporate material weve learned in class, our text, and the various online sites to apply to this cyberbullying issue, not too surprisingly I read that Many bullies come from families where there is poor parenting (Cyberbullying, 2007). However, of course, like most social problems, this doesnt explain all of it. As technology and communication have expanded, so have the problems that go with it like cyberbullying.I call up I read in our textbook something similar, along with other readings that those who are victims of cyberbullying or bullying in general are not too probable to seek help from authorities. Some signs that someone is a victim of cyberbullying can include trouble sleeping, fear of going out of the house, acting out aggression at home, stories that dont seem to make sense, unexplained loss of money or loss of personal items (Cyberbullying, 2007). From what I have read for this assignment, the social causes of bullying stem from aspects of a childs surroundings including their family and friends and in some cases, lack thereof.Often a child models him or herself after those in their immediate environment. If ones family is disrespectful, argues and makes fun of each other, this type of behavior can become comfortable outside the home (Cyberbullying, 2007). Jack Kalousek, student activities conductor at Franklin High School in Livonia, Michigan believes that most cyber bullying stems from feelings of inferiority or jealousy on the part of the bully. These people (the bullies) tend to have conflicts with other students and elevate their own worth by tearing down others.I believe thei r goal is to make themselves feel better by making someone else feel worse (Shyrock, 2006). As far as the social consequences of bullies, bullies tend to have more court convictions than their peers, are more prone to alcoholism, are far less social, and over time becomes more isolated from their peers (Cyberbullying, 2007). I agree with the educational system for getting involved in addressing the problem of online bullying. I also applaud the various organizations and legislation that is focusing on this social ill.However, in my research I read little about the role of parents in this online bullying which surprises me somewhat. I suppose its not too uncommon these days to hand over issues to organizations and legislatures, however, I wish parents felt they had a evidential role in this problem because I feel that they could if they communicated more with their children and involved themselves in this social problem on an individual level. Online is just a match of real life th e same rules have to be adapted and applied, says Parry Aftab, executive director of WiredSafety.If you do something wrong, there are going to be ramifications. Kids need to learn they have to be accountable (Cyberbullying, 2005). Bibliography CyberBullying. Retrieved March 27, 2007, from Sociology 102 Group Project Web site http//mblog. lib. umich. edu/cyberbulling/archives/2007/03/the_gender_fact. html (2005, March 29). Cyberbullying Pervades the Public School Experience. Retrieved March 29, 2007, from Issues & Controversies. Facts on File News Services. Internet Bullying. Headline Prime. CNN. March 27, 2007. Paulson, Amanda (2003, Dec 30). Internet Bullying.Retrieved March 29, 2007, Web site http//www. csmonitor. com/2003/1230/plls01-legn. html Shryock, Kathleen Wilson. (2006, April 01). Bullies in Cyberspace. Leadership for scholar Activities. eLibrary. Proquest. 29 Mar 2007. . Willard, Nancy (2007, March). Cyberbullying Legislation and School Policies Where are the Boundarie s of the Schoolhouse Gate in the Virtual World. Retrieved March 30, 2007, from Center for the Responsible Use of the Internet Web site http//www. cyberbully. org/docs/cblegislation. pdf

Attachment in the United States and Amae in Japan Essay

Culture enables people to adjust to their physical as well as genial environment. Culture enables the members of society to develop shipway of coping with the exigencies of nature as well as ways of harnessing their environment. People also create to learn to relate themselves with others in order to survive. As Schwartz (199848) pointed out, the burnish of any society represents an adaptation or adjustment to the various conditions of life, including their physical, social, and supernatural environment. No acculturation is completely static. all culture is in constant flux and the changes represent adjustments to the environment.Culture changes at different rates. The changes occur as a result of discoveries, inventions, and cultural borrowing. In whatever beas, control of the natural environment has been pursued to a point that the society has become endangered. Natural resources, such as bodies of water, forests, plant and animal life and minerals, fork out been so explo ited that the environment is close to destruction. The take toance of change depends on the exposure of the members of society to new ideas and ways different from their own and their opportunity to accept ideas and ways through diffusion. unite States and lacquer are belonging to different continents, locations and have different set of people however, these two countries have similarities in nearly ways. Its people adapt and practice different cultures. Its culture shapes the behaviors and characteristics of its people that will make them noticeable that these groups of people are come from United States and Japan. Thesis debate This adopt will conduct a cross cultural psychology comparison of Attachment in the United States and Amae in Japan thus, describes its functions, similarities and differences.II. Discussion A. Its culture, similarities and differences o United States There are a lot of groups of people that reside in United States whites made up 83. 2 share of the p opulations blacks 11. 7 percent American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts 0. 6 percent Asian and Pacific Islanders 1. 5 percent and other nonwhites 3. 0 percent. The nonwhite groups are concentrated in various circumstancess of the country. immunity in matters of education and the right of every child to have an education are basic principles in the United States.Unlike many other nations, the United States does not have a central or federal system of education, Establishing and administering public schools is one of the powers exercised by each rural area (Fritsch, 2001). The state, in turn, delegates oftentimes of this certificate of indebtedness to local school districts. Literacy in the United States is high just like in Japan. In comparison to Japan (which only has two major religions), no other country in the world has a greater variety of religions, communions, denominations, and sects than the United States.More than 220 religious bodies report membership figures. Nearly al l branches of Christianity and close all Protestant denominations are represented. Japan and United States has the same views when it comes to religion (Katzman, 2003). The United States also believe that religious freedom and separation of church and state should be made. Government cannot interfere with religion or show preference for one religion over another. It cannot set up an official, or established, church, nor give assist to any religion or to all religions.In the early days of the republic, United States artists and writers were generally regarded as inferior to those in Europe. Be the end of the nineteenth century, however, an independent national literature of high quality had been established by renowned writers (ONeill, 2004). Music in the United States was strongly influenced by European music, and study in Europe was considered a necessary part of musical training far into the 20th century. Americas about influential contribution to music was jazz, a form origin ated by blacks and based on African rhythms.The musical which evolved from burlesque and operetta, was another American innovation. For many years, architects in the United States simply fit European styles to American climate, landscape, and materials. The favorable economic position and amount of leisure enjoyed by the people of the United States give them unusual opportunities for recreation. Paid vacations became the rule for most industrial and office workers. The most popular outdoor spectator sports are football and baseball. Horse racing and automobile racing have large followings (Kurelek, 2005). o JapanThe Japanese people are largely of Mongoloid stock, but weensy is known about their specific origin. Successive groups of migrating Asians from the mainland are believed to have colonised on the islands some time before 300 A. D. Confronting them were the islands earliest known inhabitants the Ainus, a Japanese people have developed from the mingling of these different e thnic groups. Only a few hundred full-blooded Ainus remain, on Hokkaido. Japanese culture is partly of Chinese origin and partly indigenous, for the Japanese adapted and did not merely imitate the culture of the mainland.Since the middle of the 19th century, Japan has been influenced more by the culture of Western countries than by that of its neighbors (Morton, 2004). Adoption of many Western ways produced sharp contrasts between the new and the old. Buildings and clothing, for example, are now seen in both traditional and Western styles. Among forces that have helped to mold the Japanese character are Buddhist, Shinto, and Confucian religious beliefs, the effects of a long feudal period, and the influences of the Japanese industrial revolution. With industrialization came a change from rural to urban living.American influences have been peculiarly strong since reality War II (Smith, 2005). Moreover, its art has been strongly influenced too by Chinese art. From the mainland came the technique of ink painting on silk and the Buddhist influences in sculpture and painting. Flourishing throughout Japan are no, classical plays in which the actors wear masks depicting their character bunraku, puppet plays and kabuki, drama with stylized chanting and dancing. An important part of Japanese culture is the tea ceremony, a highly formal ritual, of which there are many variations.As a way of entertaining guests, it is regarded as the best expression of traditional etiquette. Some of the traditional artsespecially classical Japanese music and dance and the tea ceremonyare part of the repertoire of geisha, fe manful entertainers who perform for groups of men. In addition, the family is a traditional and strong institution in Japan. It has a formal structure with authority vested in the male head of the family. The wife is expected to be subservient. Children learn discipline and their respective roles in the family at an early age.Sons are given preference over daughter s, and the first son is superior to all others (Elkin, 2004). However, many of the more repressive aspects of the family, such as that of parents determining marriages, have weakened since World War II. Japanese homes are noted for their simplicity. Nearly all are built of wood. In many homes, paper-covered wooden frames, called shoji, are used for windows and doors. Being light and easily moved, they allow much of the house to be opened to the out-of-doors. Some homes are adjoined by landscaped gardens.Rooms usually have thick mats, called tatami, on the floor and very little furniture (Elkin, 2004). With regards to Japanese language and religion, the Japanese language is unrelated to other Oriental tongues. However, it is written in characters that originally adapted from Chinese writing. Furthermore, like in the United States, the Japanese constitution provides for freedom of religion and separation of church and state. The two major religions are Shinto and Buddhism. Many Japan ese adhere, in alter degrees, to both.With regards to their education, six years elementary education and three of lower secondary school are free and compulsory for children 6 to 15 years of age. At the three-year upper secondary schools, tuition is charged. Education in Japan is highly competitive, and admission to upper secondary school and to college is determined by rigorous entering examination. As a result, many Japanese children spend their after-school hours attending jukas, cram schools that specialize in preparing students for entrance examinations and other school tests.Japan has just about no illiteracy (Christopher, 2003). III. Conclusion In conclusion, as I study the two different cultures, I have realized that United States and Japan have some similarities when it comes to their origin. Japan was most influenced by the Westerners and its origin was contributed by other indigenous groups and so is with United States. Everything that we can see from the Japanese and American culture are already been modified by other influences. However, in spite of the strong adaptation of different culture, Japanese remained their being family-oriented.They value the essence of having a united family thus, a well-structured family role is formed so that each member can have its function. Unlike with the United States, it is very much influenced by the European settlers and based their competencies in European countries. Its culture is more focused on its development to the extent that internal competencies are suffered. I would say that Japanese culture is superb compared to United States because Japan is able to maintain their traditional ways in spite of economic development.Reference1. Fritsch, A. J. (2001). The Ethnic Atlas of the United States (Facts on File). 2. Katzman, D. M. (2003). Plain Folks the Life Stories of Undistinguished Americans (University of Illinois). 3. ONeill, Thomas. (2003). Back Roads America a Portfolio of Her People (National Geog raphic Society). 4. Kurelek, William (2005). They Sought a New World the Story of European Immigration to North America (Tundra Books). 5. Morton, W. S. (2004). Japan Its History and Culture (McGraw-Hill). 6. Smith, R. J. (2005). Japanese Society Tradition, Self, and the Social Order (Cambridge University). 7. Elkin, Judith. (2004). A Family in Japan (Lerner). 8. Christopher, R. C. (2003). The Japanese Mind the Goliath Explained (Linden Press).

Ideal Characteristics of an Early Childhood Education Program Essay

Education is something that is very important in todays society since it prep ares a person for the gigantic tasks and responsibilities that a person has to face in the concrete world. Because of this the government and institutions that caters to employing people place great emphasis on a persons educational background. Like a domino effect, the institutions that provide education to people would endlessly develop and improve curriculums, facilities and inform political platforms.It is during college and university that the academia would demand so much from its students sentiment that those are the long time which are most important while giving such low emphasis and greatness to early tykehood education such as day care, preschool and kindergarten. Even parents would mostly not think too much about these early years of education. In actuality, these years are the most important since it would be the catalyst for the childs enthusiasm to develop his/her learning skills, brot herly skills and critical thinking skills.Thus, it is imperative for any parent to carefully choose what early childhood education program that would benefit their child the most. What exactly should a parent tincture for in such program? The National Research Council in 2000 (as cited by Currie, 2001) made a report that said in that respect are tercet aspects which are important in early childhood education, to develop the childs cognitive skills, school readiness, and social and stirred up development. Thus, a good program would be centeringing on those three aspects.A childs cognitive skills would be developed if the school will make efforts to learn what the child needs to learn more and learn less while providing engaging activities for him/her that would ensure optimum enhancement of cognitive skills, retention of already present cognitive skills and addition of such skills. Though this would be difficult since childrens intelligence, abilities, learning styles and mental capabilities are different, the school should make a point in act to come up with a program that would be agreeable to all the children.After all, having other children around them would benefit them in the long run since their social and emotional development would be enhanced too. Having other children around them that would blossom into friendship and companionship is another skill that is wonderful for their over-all growth. Such social and emotional development would only be developed through careful guidance of the caretakers who are there in the program.Since the parents are usually not around or are separated from the actual activities, the caretakers would be the ones to encourage the children to talk to each other, spend time with each other and then eventually become friends. Thus, it is immanent for an early childhood educational program to have efficient guides/caretakers/teachers within. Lastly, the National Research Council also mentioned of a good program that wou ld prepare the child for school readiness.This is a daunting task for the program implementers since children are usually reluctant to go into a formal school system and leave the comforts of their homes when there were no strict school rules to follow and school responsibilities to do. School readiness is necessary since it would make the child appreciate the school as an institution that would elicit his/her skills as a person and in the long run, would also appreciate the training that the school is doing to prepare him/her for the more daunting life in the real world.School readiness does not really have a tangible and concrete way of being developed, instead, the school just needs create an environs that the pupils and students would enjoy. Thus, the school facilities and educational materials and something simple as lighting that would help the children into appreciating school should be conducive to the pupils overall growth.In conclusion there are three important goals tha t an early childhood education program should focus on cognitive skills, school readiness, and social and emotional development. All the school activities, materials and facilities should focus on achieving such aim. Also, the characteristics of such program would depend whether it targets one of these objectives effectively and efficiently. References Currie, J. (2001). Early childhood education programs. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 15(2) 213-238. JSTOR database.

Power of Situations Essay

In the, The power of situations, by Lee Ross and Richard E. Nisbett, the authors be exhausting to show the power of situations effecting the decisions of the people, how people re knead in different situations. The authors be trying to prove that social psychological science rivals philosophy in teaching people that they do not understand the true nature of the world. The above claim is support by two experiments, the dependable Samaritan experiment by Darley and Batson, and the bystander effect experiment. The authors purpose was to prove how situations effect out actions, they were successful in proving it by acquiring such(prenominal) positive solvents in both of the experiments. The authors argue the difference in the point of watch of the undergraduates and graduates of social psychology about the human behavior. Undergraduates who while taking their courses finds legion(predicate) facts about human behavior, it makes them feel satisfied with information, whereas graduat es who have studied the human behavior for a long time have a challenged point of view towards the causes of human behavior than undergraduates.According to the authors small detail in an incident does not matter, what matters is the situation in which the incident took place. Authors argue about how the social psychology surpasses philosophy while making a decision. Even graduate students with years of experience, are not certain in predicting human behavior under compeer pressure. In the end the authors talk about the fundamental attribution error it says that people who consider the personality traits and common tendencies in predicting the human behavior are proven wrong. They often fail to take into consideration the situational factors that affect the behavior. The bystander effect is used by the authors to prove that predicting ones behavior is impossible if we take into considerations the insignificant details. In this experiment the subject is John who is put in a situatio n in which he sees a man by the door asking for help, we are supposed to predict the behavior of John.A normal person would take into consideration the specific details of the situation and predict the behavior this will result into a wrong prediction, the details of the circumstance does not helps predicting johns behavior, only the situationand the actions of former(a) bystander is considered while predicting ones behavior. The author is successful in proving the bystander effect on a person in any situation. There are many other experiments conducted world-wide proving the effect of bystander intervention. One of the most famous experiments was one conducted by Latane and Darley, in which participants were unplowed in a room and smoke was released in it, the percent of participants who reported the smoke decreased as the participants increased in a room.A limited occasion about this bystander effect is that the more bystanders present when help is needed, the less assistance an y of them will provide. The authors have mentioned another experiment conducted by Darley and Batson named The Good Samaritan experiment. It is a study of how people react to an emergency in different situations and levels of urgency. The researchers had three hypotheses to prove via this experiment1. People who are religious does not act any different those who are not, in a situation.2. People in a hurry are less likely to help others.3. People who are religions in a Samaritan fashion will be more likely to help than those who are not. The researches gave a task to certain amount of people, and on their commission going the other side of building, they were faced with an emergency situation, and the researchers were to record how many participants helped in that situation. The results of this experiment were very promising regarding one of the hypotheses, that people in a hurry are less likely to help others. The results proved that no matter how we think about a situation, our a ctions are not the same.Other thing that authors point-out is the Fundamental attribution error it means that people always try to predict a human behavior by detect their personality-traits, rather than observing the situational factors. Observing personal traits never help in predicting someones actions, it is the situational factors that help us predict human behavior.There are many other experiments by different researches which concurs with the claim of Ross and Nisbett, that how the situations affects the human behavior, and by manipulating the situation, we can change the outcome of behavior, some of them are, Sherifs Autokinetic Paradigm showed how group dynamics can determine group behavior, Solomon Aschs experiment of socialpressure, Tajfel showed that even the mere classification of people into groups can elicit partisan group behavior. The results and statistics of the authors claim were very accurate, and swell up supported by other researchers.WORKS CITEDThe Bystand er Effect, Web. 1 Jan. 2010. Darley, J. M., and Batson, C.D., From Jerusalem to Jericho A study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behavior. JPSP, 1973, 27, 100-108.Ross, L., and Nisbett, R. E., The Person and the Situation, 1991. Chapters 1 and 2.

The novel The Bread Givers by Anzia Yezierska Analysis

The novel The Bread Givers by Anzia Yezierska tells about a traditional Jewish family immigrating to America and the problems that they face. In the book, Father, Reb Smolinsky, is bothersome and irritating quite of helping his wife and daughters in maintaining the household. His hypocrisy was very inhumane. He married his daughters to men who they loved did not love. Lastly, Father was negligent to his daughter Sara. Although a referee can draw sympathy towards him because he is naive and does not know how things work in the New World, he shows that he is very mean and cruel throughout the story.Reb Smolinsky was a contemptible individual. First of all told, Fathers hypocrisy was cruel and cold. For example, when his daughter, Sara, came to visit the family and her sick mother, after she completed her college education he scolded her. A manage from it. Shes only good to the world and not her arrive. Will she hand me her wages from school want a dutiful daughter should? (page 248) This was Fathers response to her success. Sara could not flush afford to buy good clothing in college. She starved herself just to pay the tuition and rent.There is no way she could have sent her father m cardinaly. When the doctor arrives to the home later to check on Saras sick mother Father introduces his daughters to him. He boasts about Sara becoming a memoriseer. He says that she takes after himself and that he paid for all of her education. Another example of his hypocrisy is when Father wanted to pass some one greater, a businessman. He took the cash he got from his son-in-laws and bought a store. When the Smolinsky family found out that the store was a fake setup and that all their money was squandered, they yelled at Father.Mother grabbed Father by the front of his show up trying to shake him out of his calmness. Mother then said, Now that the girls are married and no wages coming in, what shall we live on? (page 124) This was Mothers reaction to the disaster. in the end the whole family forgave Father for what they saw was a grave blunder. When Sara left home and wanted to become something greater instead of supporting her Father financially for life, he dis protested her. He thought she was wasting her time and money on classes and she should put her money into helping the family.Father also wanted Sara to wed Max Goldstein, alone she refused to. In his opinion, she had committed several serious errors. Throughout the rest of the story he did not apologize to her for his abusive treatment, yet his family forgave him. Reb is a faker who makes his family feel servile. Another way in which Reb Smolinsky makes readers feel contempt is by marrying his daughters to people who are rich, and not to people who his daughters truly loved. He did this for his own gain and not for the good of his daughters.For instance, his daughter Mashah was in love with a pianist by the name of Jacob Novak. Father did not like Jacob because Jacobs father did not allow him to visit Mashah before and after one of his important symphonies. In this way Father thought of him as a deserter and did not like him. He would not allow her to see him and marriage was out of the question. Instead, Father got a diamond dealer named Moe Mirsky to marry Mashah. After the marriage Mashah came home one shadow and told her family that Moe was a fake. He worked at a diamond jewelry shop and borrowed some jewelry to show off.He had now lost that transaction and had no money. Empty-head Where were your brains? Didnt you go out with the man a whole month before you were married? Couldnt you see he was a swindler and a bias when you talked to him? This was Fathers reaction. He blamed the whole situation on Mashah although he had arranged the marriage. Father only married Mashah to him so he could get some money there was no true love between them. Father also made his daughter Bessie marry someone she did not love. He made her marry a fish peddler by the n ame of Zalmon.Zalmon had a good amount of money that father wanted. Zalmon was in his late 50s and had six small children. The children were to become a great burden on Bessie. Fathers greed landed his daughters in dreadful relationships. Lastly, instead of supporting his daughter Sara throughout her schooling Father outcasted her. Sara Smolinsky ran aside from home due to Fathers constant persecution. Sara started to attend school with her own hard earned money. She really needed support emotionally and wished Father came to visit. One night Father came to visit her and scolded her.He told her that she was wasting her time and nothing would amount to her classes. He spat angry words in her face and disowned her. He did this all because Sara refused Max Goldstein, a potential suitor for her picked by Father. Most parents of that time and today would never do such a thing. The responsibility of parents is to raise their children, teach them right from wrong, educate them, and suppor t them emotionally and financially. Father did not do all of this. He might have told her right from wrong and taught her about the Torah, only when did so in a very narrow-minded sense.Sara suffered for her fathers self-centeredness and irresponsibility. Reb Smolinsky makes readers feel he is an evil individual. His unethical and disturbing actions would send him directly to cast aside today. Father treated his family to the point where it became disgusting. He married his daughters to abusive and unconcerned men. He scrutinized every error his family made, but said nothing when he, himself committed a wrong. He was also ignorant of his parental responsibilities. Reb Smolinsky can therefore be classified as a contemptible character.

Jane Austen present the reader of Pride and Prejudice Essay

Jane Austen present the reader of Pride and Prejudice with a fargon of representation of lie with and hymeneals, including 2 unsuccessful designs to Elizabeth Bennett and the relationships ofMr and Mrs BennettJane and Mr BingleyCharlotte and Mr CollinsLydia and WickhamElizabeth and Mr DarcyAnalyse for each one of the proposals in turn and then discuss what you think Jane Austens views on love and marriage were.Pride and Prejudice is one of the most classic love stories of either time. Written by Jane Austen in 1796 when she was honorable 24, the novel has become a favourite with woman in every generation since. Following the paths of 5 sisters as some come of age and other just grow sure-enough(a) in a world where marriage is everything. Around the time of Pride and Prejudice, romantic love wasnt important.Parents picked a suitor for their children, usually marrying girls off into make better off families if they could, financially securing them until death, or so they hope. It was well and truly a mans world in the 1700s, there was no means of a woman creating an self-sufficing existence, and so woman relied on marriage in order to lead a half decent life. Elizabeth receives 3 proposals, one from Mr Collins, her cousin, big fan of peeress Catherine DeBurgh and a clergyman, and 2 from Mr Darcy. I will discuss these in detail later in my essayThe grade follows that of the Bennett family. Mrs Bennett, mother of 5, means well for her daughters, only brings much embarrassment upon them every time she opens her m awayh. Mr Bennett, her husband, is the calm that follows the storm that is Mrs Bennett. He is the one his daughters go to when search calm advice, although Mr Bennett does mock the girls immature ways. Elizabeth (named Lizzie by abutting friends and family) and Jane (often referred to as Miss Bennett) are the two older sisters (Jane older than Elizabeth). Then, followed by Mary, then Catherine (or Kitty), then Lydia.Mr and Mrs Bennett are the perfect example of an arranged marriage working out. We can make a guess that the two did get along when first married, but that the relationship was probably built on lust, which later on 5 girls, was bound to ware out. As they have been married for so long, theyve learnt to live with and love each other, like couples were expected to. They annoy and irritate each other, but the Bennett parents love each other despite each others embarrassing flaws.The first fresh relationship we come across is that amidst Jane Bennet and Mr Bingley. There is much gossip following Mr Bingleys arrival, and when he arrives at a dance in Meryton, the room obviously falls silent. Bingley is a very sweet man, and when he first lays eyes on Jane hes smitten, and visa versa, and they spend all night dancing. Mary is quite sharp with taking up the sidelines, but Kitty and Lydia love all the attention they receive and the non-stop dancing. Elizabeth, on the other hand, does not enjoy herself as much as Mr Darcy refuses to dance with her when Bingley suggests it, and Lizzie overhears. Janes story is essentially that of Cinderella.Jane and Mr Bingley were an excellent match, but for Jane there was too bigger social gap. She felt nervous well-nigh Bingley, and especially around his family. There were problems, when Mr Darcy believed Jane did not love Bingley as Bingley loved Jane and so convinced Bingley to move away, breaking Janes heart. This was part of the reason Lizzie did not take to Darcy. contempt all the problems, Bingley and Jane do marry, but not before Austen made sure her audience sympathized towards Jane, the good-intentioned sister. Jane represents the do-good types that always appear to get everything they deserve (which happens to be everything), which shows these people arent just a modern day occurrence, but appear regularly in history.Mr Collins proposal to Lizzie was a cringeworthy moment in Pride & Prejudice. His proposal representmed rehearsed, and while Lizz ie laughs at him, he leads himself to believe shes being shy. He tries to convince her by mentioning the fact Longbourne is entailed to him. Lizzie turns him down, but he believes shes playing heavy(p) to get. The entire affair is exceedingly embarrassing as Mr Collins wont take no for an answer, without realising he isnt going to get some other answer. Following Lizzie turning down his proposal, Mr Collins proposes to Lizzies outdo friend, Charlotte Lucas. Charlotte, unlike Lizzie, accepts in the full realisation that this may by her first and last proposal, and it just wouldnt be safe to turn it down.This relationship, as it was, was made out to be the example of a safe marriage. Its not for love, nor money, just only if for security. Charlotte is fully aware that unless out to events, she will never be bothered by Mr Collins, and will be able to lead a safe and bland life. This is the most realistic marriage out of all others in this book when studying typical marriages of the time. Austen writes about Charlotte in a way that makes us feel sympathy for her, and all other women who were compel to marry and spend every living day with someone whos company they may not even enjoy, but love wasnt a detail considered important when marrying off children, they were expect to LEARN to love the one they were with.Lydia, being the youngest and giddiest of all the Bennett girls also happened to be the stupidest, when she eloped with Wickham and put a bigger black mark then her mothers on the family name. Strangely enough, it was Darcy that came to the (silent) rescue. He found Wickham and Lydia, forced them to marry and paid for the whole thing (Lydia loved the entire thing, thinking of it as an adventure, whereas Wickham wasnt quite so impressed). Its after this we find out why Darcy dived at the chance to help. Wickham told Lizzie that Darcy had cheated him out of his inheritance from Darcys father, when actually, Wickham had tried to elope with Georgina Dar cy for HER substantial inheritance.After Elizabeth rejected Mr Collins, he hurriedly married her best friend, Charlotte Lucas, and Elizabeth is invited to visit the tenderlyweds. While she is staying with them, Darcy visits his aunt, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, at the adjoining estate, Rosings Park. Elizabeth and Darcy are therefore thrown daily into each others company. Elizabeths charms eventually take hold of Mr Darcy, leading him to finally declare his love for her against his own will and his desire to marry her in spite of her objectionable family. Surprised and insulted by Darcys cavalier method of proposing, as well as having recently learnt that Darcy convinced Bingley to sever ties with Jane and still contemptuous of Darcys supposed wrongs against Wickham, Elizabeth refuses him in no uncertain terms, aphorism that he is the last man in the world whom she could ever be prevailed on to marry.The next day, Darcy intercepts Elizabeth on her morning walk and hands her a lette r before leaving on a cold note. In the letter, Darcy justifies his actions regarding his interference in Bingley and Janes relationship, and reveals his history concerning Mr Wickham and Wickhams true nature. The letter sheds a new light on Darcys personality for Elizabeth and she begins to reconsider her opinion of him, particularly in the case of Wickham. Then, while on holiday with her aunt and uncle, the Gardiners, Elizabeth is persuaded to visit Pemberley, Darcys estate, while he is away. She is therefore mortified when she bumps into him unexpectedly while on a tour of the grounds.However, his changed attitude towards her shows in his behaviour, distinctly warmer than last time, and his genteel and friendly manner towards her aunt and uncle begins to persuade Elizabeth that underneath his pride lies a true and generous nature. Her fresh opinion of Darcy is supported through meeting his jr. sister Georgiana, a gentle-natured and shy girl whom Darcy lovingly dotes upon. THEN t o top off this new improved Darcy, he finds Wickham and Lydia, and makes sure they marry therefore causing no slander towards the family name. Austen wrote in Darcy as the negative force, and Lizzie as the good, they were bound to come together, but it couldnt happen without some toing-and-froing. In my opinion, both Lizzie and Darcy are negative, but they were destined for each other from Meryton.Both Jane and Lizzie end up marrying for love, but they both end up marrying someone in a advantageously higher class, whereas Lydia, like her mother, married for lust (Wickham on the other hand married for money).Jane Austen wrote this book for entertainment, and perhaps to show the audience that things could be different if a little more respect was paid to women. But also, i think Austen wrote this book with an idea to mock the ridiculous social rules of the time. Writing a story like this placed her way ahead of her time anyway, as the plot is still very relevant today, but was she so ahead of her time that she could see the circus that was the social circuits and the jail-marriages some women were forced to dwell into.

Biofilms: The Social Life of Microorganisms

Microorganisms typically do not live as single cubicles in pure cultures. The vast majority lives in commingle populations, organized in aggregates which are termed biofilms. This includes films at interfaces, flocks (floating films), sludges and microbial mats. They all have emerging properties in common that only can be developed in the aggregated form they cede a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances which keeps them together, allows for the development of stable, synergistic micro consortia and for intense cell-cell communication.The matrix is spark by extracellular enzymes which are retained in it, playacting an external digestion system. This system also sequesters nutrients from the environment and serves as ultimate recycling yard and nutrient source. Horizontal factor exchange is facilitated with a vast gene pool present. In biofilms, organisms differentiate rapidly, forming phenotypically different subpopulations, a mechanism which contributes to ecological fit ness.Resistance to biocides is enhanced by a range of mechanisms. On the other hand, strong competition prevails in which attacking and defence strategies evolved, including the composition of antibiotics and bacteriocins. Grazing organisms can limit biofilm growth but also stimulate ecological fitness. Even programmed cell death is observed, leading to a more porous matrix which allows for better access of nutrients for organisms in the discernment of the matrix.Under stress conditions, cells can transform into a viable but not cultivable (VBNC) solid ground which is of relevance for public hygiene because they cannot be detected with the methods designed for their determination but can resuscitate. Biofilms represent the oldest, most abundant and successful form of life on Earth, displaying aspects of multicellularity. Life evolved from biofilms and they are involved in the biogeochemical cycles of all major elements.In biofilms, photosynthesis was developed biofilms they are r esponsible for the self-purification mechanisms of soils, sediments and water. However, biofilms can occur in the defile place and time, causing bio fouling, bio corrosion and bio deterioration, leading to substantial economic loss and supporting an entire sedulousness dedicated to cleaning and disinfection. In medicine, they are cause of persistent infections and are related to many diseases. In general, biofilms are of fundamental but mostly unaccounted relevance for our life.

Fight Club Conformity Analysis Essay

Conformity is a major theme in budge Club, and there atomic number 18 a number of specific scenes that display the rejection of it and characters falling victim to it, sometimes unknown to them. The fibber, our main character, is a complex individual. He fits into almost every textbook example of mixer psychology. He is a complete nutcase. In incident, he is so incredibly insane, that he creates an imaginary friend with whom he transforms himself into a un identical individual, free from the bonds of society, free from conformity, free to change the way he lives. Or does he?The film starts out with the narrator losing sleep, for what reason we arent sure. He then proceeds to tell us how he lived his life. He works a 9 to 5 job in a stand with people that dress business casual. He owns a small apartment filled with furniture, appliances, and even dishware that he felt defined him best as a person. His Strinne green striped sofa. Rislampa wire lamps make knocked erupt(p) of environmentally-friendly unbleached paper. The Hovvetrekke Home Exerbike. He is obsessed with creating a self-image that is socially accep hold over to others in his life.The Narrator starts breaking out of this normative mold when he meets Tyler Durden. He even proposes during a montage of his chance(a) routine on the job, If you wake up in a different time, in a different place, could you wake up as a different person? Tyler is his fellow conspirator in his ad hominem resistance, his partner in crime. He needed someone else to resist the social norms with, so he took the aristocratic way out, and made one up.After the Narrators apartment blows up, he grabs a friction match drinks with his new imaginary friend, and then shacks up with him. They start participation nights in the parking lot empennage Lous tavern. As their group grows larger, they move it to Lous basement. The more Tyler and the gang meet at their champion hunting lodge, the less the Narrator cares about his job and life, and the more anti-conformist he becomes. He strolls into work disheveled and with desiccated blood on his shirt. Hes missing some teeth. He smokes indoors. He just doesnt give a shit.At one point our two main characters get on a bus. The Narrator glances up at a Gucci ad and says, I felt sorry for guys packed into gyms move to look like how Calvin Klein or Tommy Hilfiger said they should, and remarking to Tyler, Is that what a man looks like? to which he responds, Self-improvement is pulling outnow, self destructionThis particular scene is very ironic, as the Narrator is shunning something that he rattling wants to beTyler is a projection of his ideal self. He even reveals this in the hotel room scene where the Narrator realizes that they are the same person All the ways you wish you could be, thats me. I look like you wanna look, I fuck like you wanna fuck, I am smart, capable, and most importantly, I am free in all the ways that you are not. Therefore, the Na rrator is actually conforming by creating a self that is loosely more likeable and accepted in societys eyes. He caves in to normative social influence, and at the same time believes that he has completely rejected it. There is a double inwardness to this save, in the one line that starts it off You were looking for a way to change your life. You could not do this on your own.Tyler was the ally the Narrator needed to break the monotony of his daily routine, to break free from normative social influence. We need just one other person to believe in the cause. There flock be a leader, but nothing pass on happen just because of one person. If you are get-go a movement, or a revolution in this case, at least one other person needs to join your cause, and believe in it. That one member needs to privately accept the fact that what you are talking about, what you preach, is the actual truth. And, as more people join a movement, the less godforsaken it is for others to join. Fight club . This was mine and Tylers gift. Our gift to the world. Tyler gave every normal man the keys to himself, the one everybody wants to be.As their dispute club grows progressively larger, it raises the question why are so many others conforming to something that they would normally never take part in? Are they rejecting social norms as well? Or has this fight club in turn become the norm, and therefore members are joining it to fit in?Perhaps it is a case of minority influence, when a few influence the many.Tyler and the Narrator attain held the same viewpoint for a while now, months even, that they do not care about clever art or Swedish furniture, and they are comfortable admitting that they have scars from fighting. With this unwavering view, others start to take notice, and even begin to respect their ideology. They join fight club to become loyal members. After a while, Tyler decides that they have to expand or move out of the basement, and hence creates Project havoc. tribe do not always cave into peer pressure. If that is true, then when do we break? When do we give in and conform? According to Bibb Penis Latans social jounce theory, it all depends on three specific factors strength, how important the group is to you immediacy, how close the group is to you in topographic point and time and the number of people in the group. The last factor operates differently than you might think howeverthe larger a group is, the less each additional person has an influence on others. invariably since starting the starting signal fight club, Nortons character has garnered such a reputation that he has gained a following. People start showing up on his doorstep, waiting and waiting until they gain permission to bow the house and start training. A sole applicant dressed in all black waits on their porch, by himself, for what appears to be days on end. Tyler comes out a negotiation smack, beats him with a broom, and talks some more smack. But the applicant isnt going to give up easy.He wants to be accepted, and is willing to put himself through this rigorous test to become Project Mayhems first member. After Tyler lets him in, he shaves his head, with Tyler remarking that he looks like a monkey ready to shot into musculus quadriceps femoris. He has mentioned this prior in the film The first soap was made from the ashes of heroes like the first monkey shot into space Without pain, without sacrifice, we would have nothing. As soon as the first member is in, two more show up on the doorstep. It grows and grows and grows until Project Mayhem is no longer a small group, but an army. The Narrator says during this chronological succession Sooner or later, we all became what Tyler wanted us to be. Which was what? Mindless, obedient robots. And, since the first (and second) rule of Project Mayhem is you do not ask questions, not a single member can question the tasks they are given, and therefore are forced to conform to Tylers (or for the sake of mak ing sense, the Narrators) wishes.Like the Milgram experimentsand the My Lai massacre, Tylers robots are so obedient, that they wont hesitate and question their actions or accept personal businessthey just do it. Tyler is capitalizing on the fact that they respect him for who he is and what he has done. They believe in Tyler and his decisions (In Tyler we trusted), as he was every members ally when they wanted to break out of their social norms and become the man they have always wanted to be. Obviously everybody thought about it. People do it every day. People talk to themselves, people see themselves as theyd like to be. Their basement get-togethers were right in everyones faceTyler just made it visible. It was on the tip of everyones saliva Tyler just gave it a name.Without the ability to question authority, Tylers space monkeys start wreaking havoc all crosswise the city. It started out as homework assignments, destroying satellite antennas, magnetizing video rentals, and defac ing billboards. Then it was amped up trashing franchise coffee bars, backcloth buildings on fire, and blowing up pieces of corporate art. Members of Project Mayhem are comfortable with this, because according to their set of rules, they have no names. This is deindividuation at its finest. With such a large group of people, all in this case anonymous, cipher takes any responsibility for their actions. They even wear ski masks on a couple of their assignments, further deindividualizing them. A study done by Robert Watson in 1973 found that warriors who hid their identities before going into battlefor example, by victimisation face and body paintwere significantly more likely to kill, torture or mutilate imprisoned prisoners than warriors who did not hide their identities.Thanks in part to their ski masks, one of the members of Project Mayhem dies on their last assignment his body is brought back to the house. Here conformity is at its most rampant, as members will snap to whateve r direction is given in a moments notice. Angel Face (Letos character) tells them to mask the body and immediately they start to lift it off the table. The Narrator stops them, shouting that he is a real person, a friend of his, a man with a name. One member instantly takes this tuition and transforms it to fit within the properties of their group, claiming in death, members of Project Mayhem, have a name. The other space monkeys surrounding the table then immediately start chanting his name, over and over. It is at this point that our main character snaps, and takes offto find out what kind of monster he created.

History of the game Essay

As the make merrys of the game fork out changed, the style of play has changed accordingly. During the wooden fete era, before the flood of the surface and metal composite randomnesss, players hit groundstrokes with slight topspin hardly mostly level or with underspin, particularly on the backhand side. To provide the players with the underspin or flat shots, players hit with an eastern enamour (slightly east of the continental style grip achieved by sliding the V area between the flip over and index finger down the side of the frame to the grip) to help have slice and handle petty(a) twines better. Players utilise this style of play to compensate for the swallow bounce produced on grass courts compared to the bounce of effortful and clay courts today.In effect, groundstrokes had to be long and fluid with early preparation and a long arrive through to get the necessary power and control by swinging the heavier wooden disagreements.Players with wooden stochasticitys in any case stood sideways to the ball and stepped into the swing to generate to a greater extent power. Furthermore, the small sweetspot of the wooden racket required players to harbour more exact, controlled swings instead of the quick, powerful, whip-like swings of todays players. As an example, John McEnroe, a former tennis original and Grand Slam winner, supports wooden rackets sayingI have been a proponent of the wood racketwood rackets would bring back skill and finesse to the game and would make the points longer and more playfulness to watch. And I could watch all those young guys cry like that little baby doll that wets herself as they try to return a serve with a 15-ounce piece of lumber. (McEnroe 1).As a result, players could not block up the point with a single shot like today and therefore games consisted of more rallies.The rackets and styles of play have evolved to the 21st Century and have dramatically changed the way tennis is played. Instead of the long and fluid groundstrokes used with wooden rackets, lighter more powerful rackets have developed quick, short but powerful swings by tennis players today. The players in like manner use a more western or semi-western grip (achieved by placing the racket on the ground and coming from straight above, picking the racket up with one hand). These grips tend to generate more power and topspin as well make it easier to hit high bouncing balls. This heavy topspin commonly causes points to end more quickly with more winners and harder shots.These changes in the game are all in relation to the development of higher bouncing courts, hard courts and clay courts, and the shorter grass court tournament season. Also, as a result to the more powerful modern rackets, serves were consistently hit over 100 mph and some(prenominal) clocked at more than 120 mph contributing to the quicker points. Furthermore, many serves were unreturnable meaning that it would be nearly impossible for players to return o r even more to hit the ball with the racket.The change in rackets in the 20th Century was not only limited to a change in the game but the tennis market was affected as well. According to Edward Tenner, the new rackets were not as profitable for racket manufacturers as the wooden rackets were during the thrill in tennis popularity in the early 1970s (Tenner 3). However, shortly hobby this rapid growth in tennis popularity, tenniss popularity among the common people started to decline. According to the records of the lawn tennis Industry Association, two familys before the introduction of the Prince racket in 1974, the number of tennis players reached its peak and then started a decline (Tenner 1).Later, the sale of tennis balls was evaluated and showed a drop in tennis ball usage between 1990 and 1993 (Tenner 3). A short explanation of this event could be that players were not ready to abide the higher price for newer metal rackets. The modern rackets, costing about $150, were much more expensive compared to the lower price of wooden rackets in the early 1970s. However, the introduction of the modern rackets produced a larger selection of variable rackets for tennis consumers shown in the following excerpt from Tennis Magazine, To play your best tennis, your racket has to complement your game. And with more frames than ever being designed for specific types of players, finding that magic wand has never been easier. (2001 Racket acquire 1)In addition, modern rackets are designed for all different types of players including strictly baseliners to serve and volleyers. Mark Macky, Dunlops director of racket sports, shows this in the following statement, Its no longer enough to make a racket for one ability level beginner, intermediate, advanced. Today, companies make rackets that are targeted to specific styles of play. A serve and volleyer, for example, willing want a different type of racket than a baseliner. (2001 Racket Guide 1) Although while racket manufacturers may have suffered from the introduction of modern rackets, consumers seem to benefit.According to New York Times newspaper, the new metal rackets prove to last longer and need restringing less often saving consumers money (Tenner 3). Furthermore, metal rackets cannister last up to ten years or more contrary to the wooden rackets that were damaged by age, warping, and cracking.In conclusion, although many tennis professionals believe that wooden rackets would increase the charisma of tennis, there is undeniable recite that proves modern rackets to be better for the game and all levels of players.Newer rackets provide more options for tennis players, giving them more power and control than ever before therefore elevating the level of play in the game of tennis. They also appeal to lower levels of players making the game easier to learn and in effect, better for everyone. In addition, although the market seemed to be falling, it is currently rising for the game of tenni s and showing this, the U.S. Open has had more viewers in the year of 2001 than ever before in the history of the game.